卡托普利对高血压大鼠动脉血管平滑肌细胞内质网相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白78和C/EBP同源蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究卡托普利对早期高血压大鼠动脉血管平滑肌细胞内质网相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein of 78kd,GRPT8)和C/EBP同源蛋白(CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)表达的影响.方法:将18只成年雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和卡托普利组(n=6),模型组和卡托普利组均采用大鼠腹主动脉结扎建立高血压大鼠模型.4周后测量血压,应用免疫组化方法检测主动脉血管平滑肌细胞GRP78和CHOP的表达;缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡.结果:(1)模型组平均动脉压(mean arterial blood pressure,MAP)明显增加,卡托普利组血压低于模型组,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)模型组内质网因子GRP78、CHOP表达均增加,卡托普利组GRP78、CHOP表达低于模型组,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);(3)模型组血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率减少,卡托普利组血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率高于模型组,低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:卡托普利可降低高血压大鼠动脉血管平滑肌细胞GRP78和CHOP的表达,增加细胞凋亡.可能与其减弱高血压所致内质网反应,维持血管平滑肌细胞的增殖/凋亡平衡有关.     

藏酋猴外周血细胞及血清生化指标测定与分析

目的 通过对原代藏酋猴进行外周血细胞及血液生化指标测定,了解不同年龄段藏酋猴的生理指标差异.方法 在清醒状态下采集30只藏酋猴后肢静脉血,检测血液学和血液生化指标.结果 与同属灵长类动物检测结果比较,具有较高的一致性,但也存在种属特点.结论 藏酋猴随着体重和年龄增大,血糖有增高的趋势.     

浙江省国家重点风景名胜区楠溪江两栖动物资源调查与区系分析

为了解浙江省永嘉县国家重点风景名胜区楠溪江野生动物资源现状,促进风景区的有效管理和建设,于2008年5月、8月、9月、10月和2009年5月对楠溪江流域的两栖动物进行野外调查.调查结果表明,楠溪江流域共计有两栖类24种,隶属于2目7科,中国特有种13种,其中福建大头蛙和天台粗皮蛙是温州地区的新纪录种.区系组成以东洋界华中华南区共有种为主,东洋界占明显优势,达22种,占物种总数的91.7%.     

大黄鱼对几种饲料蛋白原料消化率的研究

以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源制成参考饲料,以0.1%的Cr2O3为外源性指示剂,按参考饲料和实验原料70%∶30%的比例配制成实验饲料,测定了大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）对白鱼粉、红鱼粉、肉骨粉、豆粕、花生粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的表观消化率。实验大黄鱼（平均初始体重15.0±1.6g）养殖于海水浮式网箱（1.5m×1.5m×2.0m）中,分别以各实验饲料投喂实验鱼5周,然后采用挤压法收集粪便。实验结果表明各原料表观干物质消化率在43.6%至70.0%之间,能量消化率在42.9%到82.6%的范围内。实验原料的蛋白质表观消化率在70.7%到92.4%之间,其中白鱼粉和红鱼粉的蛋白消化率最高（分别为92.4%和89.3%）,而棉籽粕则最低（70.7%）。脂肪的表观消化率在61.3%到90.5%之间,其中棉籽粕最低（61.3%）。磷的表观消化率相对较低,仅白鱼粉和红鱼粉在53.2%以上,其余皆低于37.5%。总之,大黄鱼对这几种原料的表观消化率存在较大差异,但蛋白消化率均较高,因此,可作为大黄鱼的饲料蛋白源在实际饲料配制中使用。     

鹿蹄草植物的研究与应用

对鹿蹄草植物的自然资源分布、化学成分、药理作用、及其应用的相关研究做了综述。该植物在世界各地广泛分布、含有鹿蹄草素等多种化学成分,药理研究证明其具有抗菌、抗病毒、消炎、镇痛作用、对心脑血管系统等作用,主要应用在医药工业、食品工业和园林绿化面。最后对该属植物的研究前景做了展望。     

过氧化氢酶抑制剂氨基三唑减轻急性酒精性肝损伤

本文旨在通过观察过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)抑制剂氨基三唑(aminotriazole,ATZ)对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤的影响,初步探讨CAT在酒精性肝损伤中的可能作用。以雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠为实验对象,采用酒精腹腔注射诱导急性肝损伤,在造模前30 min腹腔注射不同剂量ATZ(100~400 mg/kg)或相同体积溶剂(对照)。造模24 h后,检测大鼠血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平,用HE染色法观察肝组织病理改变程度,用试剂盒检测肝组织内CAT活性、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)水平及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,ELISA法检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。结果显示,ATZ处理可剂量依赖性降低酒精暴露大鼠血浆中ALT、AST及LDH水平,并减轻酒精诱导的肝组织病理损伤;ATZ可抑制酒精暴露大鼠肝组织内CAT活性、降低H2O2水平及MDA含量;ATZ也可下调酒精暴露大鼠血浆中TNF-α和IL-6水平。以上结果表明,ATZ可减轻酒精诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤,提示CAT可能在酒精性肝损伤中发挥了重要的致病作用。     

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase investigations of Rumex hastatus D. Don: potential effectiveness in oxidative stress and neurological disorders

Background

Rumex species are traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders including headache, migraine, depression, paralysis etc. Several species have been scientifically validated for antioxidant and anticholinestrase potentials. This study aims to investigate Rumex hastatus D. Don crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions, saponins and flavonoids for acetylcholinestrase, butyrylcholinestrase inhibition and diverse antioxidant activities to validate its folkloric uses in neurological disorders. Rumex hastatus crude methanolic extract (Rh. Cr), subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Rh. Hex), chloroform (Rh. Chf), ethyl acetate (Rh. EtAc), aqueous fraction (Rh. Aq), crude saponins (Rh. Sp) and flavonoids (Rh. Fl) were investigated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at various concentrations (125, 250, 500, 1000 μg/mL) using Ellman’s spectrophotometric analysis. Antioxidant potentials of Rh. Sp and Rh. Fl were evaluated using DPPH, H₂O₂ and ABTS free radical scavenging assays at 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 μg/mL.

Results

All the test samples showed concentration dependent cholinesterase inhibition and radicals scavenging activity. The AChE inhibition potential of Rh. Sp and Rh. Fl were most prominent i.e., 81.67 ± 0.88 and 91.62 ± 1.67 at highest concentration with IC₅₀ 135 and 20 μg/mL respectively. All the subsequent fractions exhibited moderate to high AChE inhibition i.e., Rh. Cr, Rh. Hex, Rh. Chf, Rh. EtAc and Rh. Aq showed IC₅₀ 218, 1420, 75, 115 and 1210 μg/mL respectively. Similarly, against BChE various plant extracts i.e., Rh. Sp, Rh. Fl, Rh. Cr, Rh. Hex, Rh. Chf, Rh. EtAc and Rh. Aq resulted IC₅₀ 165, 175, 265, 890, 92, 115 and 220 μg/mL respectively. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Rh. Sp and Rh. Fl showed comparable results with the positive control i.e., 63.34 ± 0.98 and 76.93 ± 1.13% scavenging at 1 mg/mL concentration (IC₅₀ 312 and 104 μg/mL) respectively. The percent ABTS radical scavenging potential exhibited by Rh. Sp and Rh. Fl (1000 μg/mL) were 82.58 ± 0.52 and 88.25 ± 0.67 with IC₅₀ 18 and 9 μg/mL respectively. Similarly in H₂O₂ scavenging assay, the Rh. Sp and Rh. Fl exhibited IC₅₀ 175 and 275 μg/mL respectively.

Conclusion

The strong anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of Rh. Sp, Rh. Fl and various fractions of R. hastatus support the purported ethnomedicinal uses and recommend R. hastatus as a possible remedy for the treatment of AD and neurodegenerative disorders.     

Target and non‐target effects of a spider venom toxin produced in transgenic cotton and tobacco plants

The peptide ω‐Hexatoxin‐Hv1a (Hvt) is one of the most studied spider toxins. Its insecticidal potential has been reported against species belonging to the arthropod orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera. The gene encoding Hvt has been transformed into cotton and tobacco to protect the plants from damage by lepidopteran pests. This study evaluated the expression of the ω‐HXTX‐Hv1a gene in transgenic plants, and the toxicity of plant‐expressed and purified Hvt on target lepidopteran insects and on several non‐target species. Transgenic Bollgard II cotton plants, which produce Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 and purified Cry2Ab2 protein were included in the study as comparators. LC₉₅ values of purified Hvt against Spodoptera littoralis and Heliothis virescens were 28.31 and 27.57 μg/ml of artificial diet, respectively. Larval mortality was 100% on Hvt‐transgenic tobacco plants but not on Hvt‐transgenic cotton, probably because of the significantly lower toxin expression level in the transgenic cotton line. Non‐target studies were conducted with larvae of the predators Chrysoperla carnea and Coccinella septempunctata, adults of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani, and adult workers of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Even at 40 μg/ml, Hvt did not adversely affect the four non‐target species. Purified Cry2Ab2 at 10 μg/ml also did not adversely affect any of the non‐target species. Our results show that Hvt might be useful for developing insecticidal plant varieties to control pest Lepidoptera.     

氮离子注入诱变选育恩拉霉素高产菌株

利用氮离子注入对链霉菌的诱变效应,筛选高产恩拉霉素的变异菌株。利用不同剂量的氮离子对杀真菌放线菌S.fungicidicus NL629-3菌株进行诱变处理,研究低能氮离子注入对其存活率及产恩拉霉素能力的影响。低能氮离子注入剂量在60×1013ions/cm2时对链霉菌的诱变效应显著,试验得到了5株恩拉霉素产量较高的突变菌株,其中N3-643菌株经连续传代4次,遗传稳定性较好,其摇瓶发酵水平较对照提高了41%,放大发酵生产后平均发酵水平提高25.8%。离子注入诱变是获得高产恩拉霉素突变菌株的有效方法。     

Discovery of N-(1-adamantyl)-2-(4-alkylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives as T-type calcium channel (Cav3.2) inhibitors

Chemical evolution of a HTS-based fragment hit resulted in the identification of N-(1-adamantyl)-2-[4-(2-tetrahydropyran-4-ylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]acetamide, a novel, selective T-type calcium channel (Ca(v)3.2) inhibitor with in vivo antihypertensive effect in rats.