全文获取类型
收费全文 | 122篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 1篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 2篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有126条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
BRIGITTE FIALA ARMIN JAKOB ULRICH MASCHWITZ K. EDUARD LINSENMAIR 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1999,66(3):305-331
The most conspicuous and species-rich ant-plant mutualism in the Malesian region is found in the important pioneer tree genus Macaranga , yet little is known about the identities or community ecology of the species involved. Our studies have revealed a far more complex system than previously thought. This paper presents the first extensive investigation in the whole distribution area of myrmecophytic Macaranga. All ant-inhabited species were restricted to the moister parts of SE Asia: Peninsular Malaysia, South and East Thailand, Sumatra and Borneo. We found a rather strict and similar altitudinal zonation of myrmecophytic Macaranga species in all regions. Here we focus on the majority of the 19 Macaranga species obligatorily associated with ants of the genus Crematogaster. We identified a total of 2163 ant queens which belonged to at least eight (morpho)species of the small subgenus Decacrema as well as to one non-Decacrema (probably from Atopogyne ). The ant species were not randomly distributed among the Macaranga species but distinct patterns of associations emerged. Despite common sympatric distribution of Macaranga species, in most cases a surprisingly high specificity of ant colonization was maintained which was, however, often not species-specific but groups of certain plant species with identical ant partners could be found. These colonization patterns usually but not always mirror existing taxonomic sections within the genus Macaranga. Possible mechanisms of specificity are discussed. The results are compared with other ant-plant mutualisms. 相似文献
22.
URSULA GAEDKE MIRIAM RUHENSTROTH‐BAUER INA WIEGAND KATRIN TIROK NICOLE ABERLE PETRA BREITHAUPT KATHRIN LENGFELLNER JULIA WOHLERS ULRICH SOMMER 《Global Change Biology》2010,16(3):1122-1136
To improve our mechanistic understanding and predictive capacities with respect to climate change effects on the spring phytoplankton bloom in temperate marine systems, we used a process‐driven dynamical model to disentangle the impact of potentially relevant factors which are often correlated in the field. The model was based on comprehensive indoor mesocosm experiments run at four temperature and three light regimes. It was driven by time‐series of water temperature and irradiance, considered edible and less edible phytoplankton separately, and accounted for density‐dependent grazing losses. It successfully reproduced the observed dynamics of well edible phytoplankton in the different temperature and light treatments. Four major factors influenced spring phytoplankton dynamics: temperature, light (cloudiness), grazing, and the success of overwintering phyto‐ and zooplankton providing the starting biomasses for spring growth. Our study predicts that increasing cloudiness as anticipated for warmer winters for the Baltic Sea region will retard phytoplankton net growth and reduce peak heights. Light had a strong direct effect in contrast to temperature. However, edible phytoplankton was indirectly strongly temperature‐sensitive via grazing which was already important in early spring at moderately high algal biomasses and counter‐intuitively provoked lower and later algal peaks at higher temperatures. Initial phyto‐ and zooplankton composition and biomass also had a strong effect on spring algal dynamics indicating a memory effect via the broadly under‐sampled overwintering plankton community. Unexpectedly, increased initial phytoplankton biomass did not necessarily lead to earlier or higher spring blooms since the effect was counteracted by subsequently enhanced grazing. Increasing temperature will likely exhibit complex indirect effects via changes in overwintering phytoplankton and grazer biomasses and current grazing pressure. Additionally, effects on the phytoplankton composition due to the species‐specific susceptibility to grazing are expected. Hence, we need to consider not only direct but also indirect effects, e.g. biotic interactions, when addressing climate change impacts. 相似文献
23.
ULRICH SCHRAERMEYER 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1995,8(4):209-214
Cultured choroidal melanocytes from cattle were incubated with gold labeled albumin. After phagocytosis of the labeled protein, the label appeared inside the melanin granules, as was observed under the electron microscope. Melanin granules associated with gold particles were also exocytosed into the culture medium by the melanocytes. The results of this study show that endosomes or phagosomes are transported from the cell surface of a melanocyte to the melanin granules. Therefore, melanin granules are part of the lysosomal degradation pathway. The possibility that albumin is degraded by proteases present in lysosomes and melanosomes and that the tyrosine released during degradation is used as substrate by tyrosinase and thereby converted to melanin is discussed. The present study additionally shows that the choroidea of cattle can be used as a source for cell culture of melanocytes. 相似文献
24.
25.
A new group of darkly pigmented root-infecting fungi was isolated from cereal roots obtained from six different locations in northeastern Germany. Similar random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) patterns and restriction profiles of amplified rDNA were used as a basis for classifying the isolates in a separate group. The isolates demonstrating mycelial and infection characteristics typical of Gaeumannomyces graminis could be differentiated from the varieties of G. graminis as well as from Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus / Phialophora graminicola using RAPD Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rDNA Restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions suggests that the isolates form a distinct group (named group 'E') situated within the Gaeumannomyces – Phialophora complex between the branch of the G. graminis varieties and Gaeumannomyces incrustans / Magnaporthe poae . Isolates of group E produced lobed hyphopodia and were shown in biotests to be non-pathogenic to wheat, oats, Italian Ryegrass and Chewings Fescue, suggesting it is a benign parasite which colonizes cereals or grasses without destroying vascular tissue. Furthermore, curved phialospores could be found. Summarizing the results presented, this new group could be classified as a new species of Phialophora . Although isolates of group E were found at only six of the 32 investigated locations, they composed up to 50% of total isolates of the Gaeumannomyces – Phialophora complex at these sites. Because of the non-pathogenic behaviour, the new group may be of value as biological control agents for pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
26.
ULRICH G. MOLTMANN HEINZ MEHLHORN EBERHARD SCHEIN WOLF P. VOIGT KARL T. FRIEDHOFF 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1983,30(2):218-225
The formation of Babesia equi sporozoites in the salivary glands of three tick species (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, H. a. excavatum, Rhipicephalus turanicus) was studied by electron microscopy. The development was identical in all three vectors. On the 8th day post repletionem kinetes of B. equi had invaded alveoli of the nymphal salivary glands and were transformed to sporonts bounded by a single membrane. The sporonts were polymorphous bodies each with a highly lobed nucleus and numerous mitochondria. These stages persisted during ecdysis of the tick nymph to the adult stage. After attachment of these newly molted adults to a new host the formation of sporozoites was completed within five days. The sporonts occupied most of the infected alveolus and were extensively divided into cytoplasmic portions of various size. On the 4th day after attachment of the tick, sporozoite-anlagen, into each of which a nucleus and a mitochondrion were incorporated, appeared at the periphery of the sporonts. An apical complex with a polar ring, rhoptries, and micronemes was formed at the tip of each protruding anlage. Finally thousands of pyriform sporozoites (3.0 × 1.2 μm) filled the hypertrophied alveolus. This development is similar to sporogony in the genus Theileria. 相似文献
27.
MAMORU ENDO KOJI NAKANISHI ULRICH NÄF WILLIAM McKEON RAYMOND WALKER 《Physiologia plantarum》1972,26(2):183-185
The antheridiogen (antheridium-inducing substance) of the fern species Anemia phyllitidis has been obtained in pure form based on the isolation procedure described below. Pure antheridiogen is active to a dilution of 10 μg/l in antheridium formation and 0.3 μg/l in dark-germination. Its molecular formula is C19H22O5. 相似文献
28.
29.
The Influence of Nitrogen, Light and Water Stress on CO2 Exchange and Organic Acid Accumulation in the Tropical C3-CAM Tree, Clusia minor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The carbon balance and changes in leaf structure in Clusia minorL., were investigated in controlled conditions with regardto nitrogen supply and responses to low and high photosyntheticallyactive radiation (PAR). Nitrogen deficiency and high PAR ledto the production of smaller leaves with higher specific leafdry weight (SLDW) and higher leaf water content, but with lowerchlorophyll content. Nitrogen and PAR levels at growth alsoaffected CO2 exchange and leaf area. In N conditions,total daily net CO2 uptake and leaf area accumulation were slightlyless for high-PAR-grown plants. In contrast, high-PAR-grownplants supplied with nitrogen showed about a 4-fold higher totaldaily CO2 uptake and about twice the total leaf area of low-PAR-grownplants. Although total daily net CO2 uptake of +N plants wasonly slightly higher than N plants under the low PARlevel, N plants produced almost three times more leafarea but with lower SLDW. Under well-watered conditions, low-PAR-grownplants showed only CO2 evolution during the night and malicacid levels decreased. However, there was considerable night-timeaccumulation of titratable protons due to day/night changesin citric acid levels. High-PAR-grown plants showed net CO2uptake, malate and citrate accumulation during the dark period.However, most of the CO2 fixed at night probably came from respiratoryCO2. Positive night-time CO2 exchange was readily observed forlow-PAR-grown plants when they were transferred to high PARconditions or when they were submitted to water stress. In plantsgrown in high and low PAR, CAM leads to a substantial increasein daily water use efficiency for water-stressed plants, althoughtotal net CO2 uptake decreased. 相似文献
30.
SCHMITT ANDREAS K.; LEE HELEN S. J.; LUTTGE ULRICH 《Journal of experimental botany》1988,39(11):1581-1590
Gas exchange measurements were undertaken on 2-year-old plantsof Clusia rosea. The plants were shown to have the ability toswitch from C3-photosynthesis to CAM and vice versa regardlessof leaf age and, under some conditions, CO2 was taken up continuously,throughout the day and night. The light response was saturatedby 120 µmol m2 s1 typical of a shade plant. Gas exchange patterns in response to light, water and VPD wereexamined. All combinations of daytime and night-time CO2 uptakewere observed, with rates of CO2 uptake ranging from 2 to 11µmol m2 s1 depending upon water status andlight. Categorization of this plant asC3, CAM or an intermediateis impossible. Differing VPD affected the magnitude of changesfrom CAM to C3-photosynthesis (0 to 0.5 and 0 to 6.0 µmolm2 s1 CO2, respectively) when plants were watered.Under well-watered conditions, but not under water stress, highPPFD elicited changes from CAM to C3 gas exchange. This is unusualnot only for a shade plant but also for a plant with CAM. Itis of ecological importance for C. rosea, which may spend theearly years of its life as an epiphyte or in the forest understorey,to be able to maximize photosynthesis with minimal water loss. Key words: Clusia rosea, CAM, C3, stress 相似文献