湘西中华按蚊产卵、变态与气温关系初步观察

一.中华按蚊产卵数及吸血至 产卵所需的时间 1956年我们在湘西吉首镇南郊外,采集牛栏、人房的中华按蚊以浸30％葡萄糖的棉球饲养一个时期,待其胃血消化、腹面呈黄白色,即将此蚊转入产卵罩内产卵。产卵罩用12厘米培养皿上盖—个大小适度的圆铁纱罩制成。皿中置湿棉花一层,吸水纸一张,并加小草数根,以便蚊虫栖息。中华按蚊一般在下午10时～上午2时以内产卵。个别也有在正午12时产卵的。卵初为白色,逐渐变褐,最后呈黑褐色。每头中华按蚊产卵数目自     

Human microcephaly protein CEP135 binds to hSAS‐6 and CPAP,and is required for centriole assembly

Centrioles are cylindrical structures that are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (MTs) organized around a cartwheel‐shaped structure. Recent studies have proposed a structural model of the SAS‐6‐based cartwheel, yet we do not know the molecular detail of how the cartwheel participates in centriolar MT assembly. In this study, we demonstrate that the human microcephaly protein, CEP135, directly interacts with hSAS‐6 via its carboxyl‐terminus and with MTs via its amino‐terminus. Unexpectedly, CEP135 also interacts with another microcephaly protein CPAP via its amino terminal domain. Depletion of CEP135 not only perturbed the centriolar localization of CPAP, but also blocked CPAP‐induced centriole elongation. Furthermore, CEP135 depletion led to abnormal centriole structures with altered numbers of MT triplets and shorter centrioles. Overexpression of a CEP135 mutant lacking the proper interaction with hSAS‐6 had a dominant‐negative effect on centriole assembly. We propose that CEP135 may serve as a linker protein that directly connects the central hub protein, hSAS‐6, to the outer MTs, and suggest that this interaction stabilizes the proper cartwheel structure for further CPAP‐mediated centriole elongation.     

Quantitative secretomic analysis of Trichoderma reesei strains reveals enzymatic composition for lignocellulosic biomass degradation

Trichoderma reesei is a mesophilic, filamentous fungus, and it is a major industrial source of cellulases, but its lignocellulolytic protein expressions on lignocellulosic biomass are poorly explored at present. The extracellular proteins secreted by T. reesei QM6a wild-type and hypercellulolytic mutant Rut C30 grown on natural lignocellulosic biomasses were explored using a quantitative proteomic approach with 8-plex high throughput isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We quantified 230 extracellular proteins, including cellulases, hemicellulases, lignin-degrading enzymes, proteases, protein-translocating transporter, and hypothetical proteins. Quantitative iTRAQ results suggested that the expressions and regulations of these lignocellulolytic proteins in the secretome of T. reesei wild-type and mutant Rut C30 were dependent on both nature and complexity of different lignocellulosic carbon sources. Therefore, we discuss here the essential lignocellulolytic proteins for designing an enzyme mixture for optimal lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis.     

Mining Disease Risk Patterns from Nationwide Clinical Databases for the Assessment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that can cause painful swelling in the joint lining, morning stiffness, and joint deformation/destruction. These symptoms decrease both quality of life and life expectancy. However, if RA can be diagnosed in the early stages, it can be controlled with pharmacotherapy. Although many studies have examined the possibility of early assessment and diagnosis, few have considered the relationship between significant risk factors and the early assessment of RA. In this paper, we present a novel framework for early RA assessment that utilizes data preprocessing, risk pattern mining, validation, and analysis. Under our proposed framework, two risk patterns can be discovered. Type I refers to well-known risk patterns that have been identified by existing studies, whereas Type II denotes unknown relationship risk patterns that have rarely or never been reported in the literature. These Type II patterns are very valuable in supporting novel hypotheses in clinical trials of RA, and constitute the main contribution of this work. To ensure the robustness of our experimental evaluation, we use a nationwide clinical database containing information on 1,314 RA-diagnosed patients over a 12-year follow-up period (1997–2008) and 965,279 non-RA patients. Our proposed framework is employed on this large-scale population-based dataset, and is shown to effectively discover rich RA risk patterns. These patterns may assist physicians in patient assessment, and enhance opportunities for early detection of RA. The proposed framework is broadly applicable to the mining of risk patterns for major disease assessments. This enables the identification of early risk patterns that are significantly associated with a target disease.     

Characterization of functionally active interleukin‐18/eGFP fusion protein expression during cell cycle phases in recombinant chicken DF1 Cells

The dependence of foreign gene expression on cell cycle phases in mammalian cells has been described. In this study, a DF1/chIL‐18a cell line that stably expresses the fusion protein chIL‐18 was constructed and the enhanced green fluorescence protein connected through a (G₄S)₃ linker sequence investigated the relationship between cell cycle phases and fusion protein production. DF1/chIL‐18a cells (1 × 10⁵) were inoculated in 60‐mm culture dishes containing 5 mL of media to achieve 50%–60% confluence and were cultured in the presence of the cycle‐specific inhibitors 10058‐F4, aphidicolin, and colchicine for 24 and 48 h. The percentage of cell density and mean fluorescence intensity in each cell cycle phase were assessed using flow cytometry. The inhibitors effectively arrested cell growth. The fusion protein production rate was higher in the S phase than in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. When cell cycle progression was blocked in the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases by the addition of 10058‐F4, aphidicolin, and colchicine, respectively, the aphidicolin‐induced single cells showed higher fusion protein levels than did the 10058‐F4‐ or colchicine‐induced phase cells and the uninduced control cells. Although the cells did not proliferate after the drug additions, the amount of total fusion protein accumulated in aphidicolin‐treated cells was similar to that in the untreated cultures. Fusion protein is biologically active because it induces IFN‐γ production in splenocyte cultures of chicken. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:581–591, 2016