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排序方式: 共有270条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
David H. Turpin Anthony G. Miller John S. Parslow Ivor R. Elrifi David T. Canvin 《Journal of phycology》1985,21(3):409-418
The blue-green alga (Cyanobacterium) Synechococcus leopoliensis (Racib.) Komarek was grown in dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC]-limited chemostats over the entire range of growth rates. At each growth rate, the kinetics of photosynthesis with respect to [DIC] and the maximal rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) were determined. The half-saturation constant for [DIC]-limited photosynthesis (K1/2DIC) for cells growing below 1.7 d?1 was constant (4.7 μM) whereas for growth rates between 1.7 d?1 and 2.1 d?1 (μmax) the kinetics of photosynthesis were multiphasic with an apparent K1/2DIC between 1.5–2.0 mM. Pmax increased in a linear fashion with growth rate for growth rates below 1.7 d?1. No trend in Pmax was apparent for growth rates greater than 1.7 d?1. These kinetic parameters were used to predict a growth rate versus [DIC] relationship. Results show that the Monod relationship is a physiologically valid expression of growth as a function of [DIC] provided (K1/2DIC) remains constant. The major change in (K1/2DIC) as μ approaches μmax results in the conclusion that two separate and distinct Monod equations must be used to describe growth as a function of DIC over the entire growth range. These results point to a major discontinuity in the μ vs. [DIC] curve at 1.7 d?1 which corresponds to the change from high to low affinity photosynthetic kinetics. We believe these results account for the previously described deficiencies of the Monod equation in describing [DIC]-limited algal growth. 相似文献
102.
Z. Dhaouadi M. Ghomi Ce. Coulombeau C. Coulombeau H. Jobics P. Mojzes L. Chinsky P. Y. Turpin 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》1993,22(3):225-236
Neutron inelastic scattering (NIS) spectra from polycrystalline samples and ultraviolet resonance Raman scattering (RRS) spectra from aqueous solutions of guanine and CS-deuterated and (N9, NI, C2-amino)-deuterated guanine are reported. These measurements allowed theoretical simulations of the vibrational wavenumbers and intensities of the NIS and RRS bands to be performed. Å valence force field enabled the normal mode wavenumbers, as well as the atomic displacements, to be calculated. The NIS intensities were simulated by considering multi-phonon interactions arising from the lattice mode couplings with the internal molecular vibrational modes. The RRS intensities were simulated within the framework of the so-called small shift approximation, by using the molecular bond-order changes induced by the electronic transition from the ground to the first electronic excited state. It is shown that NIS spectroscopy mainly provides information on the guanine out-of-plane modes of vibration, while RRS allows the in-plane stretching vibrational motions to be analyzed. 相似文献
103.
Appearance of Novel Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during Growth on Nitrate 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Extractable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is higher from N-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells than from N-sufficient cells. Native gels reveal that the isoform complexity varies depending on the form of N supplied. The isoforms associated with NO3- growth appear within 2 h of switching cells from NH4+ to NO3-. 相似文献
104.
The effects of phosphorus nutrition on several physiological and biochemical parameters of the green alga, Selenastrum minutum, have been examined. Algal cells were cultured in chemostats under conditions of either Pi limitation or nutrient sufficiency. Pi limitation resulted in: (a) a 5-fold lower rate of respiration, (b) a 3-fold decline in rates of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation and oxygen evolution, (c) a 3-fold higher rate of dark carbon dioxide fixation, (d) significant increases in activities of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase and PEP phosphatase (128% and 158% of nutrient sufficient activities, respectively), (e) significant reductions in activities of nonphosphorylating NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD malic enzyme, and (f) no change in levels of ATP:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, phosphorylating NAD-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. The intracellular concentrations of Pi, ATP, AMP, soluble protein, and chlorophyll were also significantly reduced in response to Pi limitation. As well, the level of ADP was about 11-fold lower in the Pi-limited cells as compared to the nutrient sufficient controls. It was predicted that because of this low level of ADP, pyruvate kinase catalyzed conversion of PEP to pyruvate may be restricted in Pi-limited cells. During Pi limitation, PEP carboxylase and PEP phosphatase may function to “bypass” the ADP dependent pyruvate kinase, as well as to recycle Pi for its reassimilation into cellular metabolism. 相似文献
105.
Anaerobic Metabolism in the N-Limited Green Alga Selenastrum minutum: III. Alanine Is the Product of Anaerobic Ammonium Assimilation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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We have determined the flow of 15N into free amino acids of the N-limited green alga Selenastrum minutum (Naeg.) Collins after addition of 15NH4+ to aerobic or anaerobic cells. Under aerobic conditions, only a small proportion of the N assimilated was retained in the free amino acid pool. However, under anaerobic conditions almost all assimilated NH4+ accumulates in alanine. This is a unique feature of anaerobic NH4+ assimilation. The pathway of carbon flow to alanine results in the production of ATP and reductant which matches exactly the requirements of NH4+ assimilation. Alanine synthesis is therefore an excellent strategy to maintain energy and redox balance during anaerobic NH4+ assimilation. 相似文献
106.
Significance of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase during Ammonium Assimilation: Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Photosynthesis and Respiration by the N-Limited Green Alga Selenastrum minutum
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The effect of N-assimilation on the partitioning of carbon fixation between phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was determined by measuring stable carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthesis by an N-limited green alga, Selenastrum minutum (Naeg.) Collins. This was facilitated by a two process model accounting for simultaneous CO2 fixation and respiratory CO2 release. Discrimination by control cells was consistent with the majority of carbon being fixed by Rubisco. During nitrogen assimilation however, discrimination was greatly reduced indicating an enhanced flux through PEPcase which accounted for upward of 70% of total carbon fixation. This shift toward anaplerotic metabolism supports a large increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle activity primarily between oxaloacetate and α-ketoglutarate thereby facilitating the provision of carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis. This provides an example of a unique set of conditions under which anaplerotic carbon fixation by PEPcase exceeds photosynthetic carbon fixation by Rubisco in a C3 organism. 相似文献
107.
Short-Term Metabolite Changes during Transient Ammonium Assimilation by the N-Limited Green Alga Selenastrum minutum 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
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In this study, we measured the total pool sizes of key cellular metabolites from nitrogen-limited cells of Selenastrum minutum before and during ammonium assimilation in the light. This was carried out to identify the sites at which N assimilation is acting to regulate carbon metabolism. Over 120 seconds following NH4+ addition we found that: (a) N accumulated in glutamine while glutamate and α-ketoglutarate levels fell; (b) ATP levels declined within 5 seconds and recovered within 30 seconds of NH4+ addition; (c) ratios of pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate, malate/phosphoenolpyruvate, Glc-1-P/Glc-6-P and Fru-1,6-bisphosphate/Fru-6-P increased; and (d) as previously seen, photosynthetic carbon fixation was inhibited. Further, we monitored starch degradation during N assimilation over a longer time course and found that starch breakdown occurred at a rate of about 110 micromoles glucose per milligram chlorophyll per hour. The results are consistent with N assimilation occurring through glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase at the expense of carbon previously stored as starch. They also indicate that regulation of several enzymes is involved in the shift in metabolism from photosynthetic carbon assimilation to carbohydrate oxidation during N assimilation. It seems likely that pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and starch degradation are all activated, whereas key Calvin cycle enzyme(s) are inactivated within seconds of NH4+ addition to N-limited S. minutum cells. The rapid changes in glutamate and triose phosphate, recently shown to be regulators of cytosolic pyruvate kinase, are consistent with them contributing to the short-term activation of this enzyme. 相似文献
108.
P Benlian S Amselem N Loux D Pastier G Giraud J L de Gennes G Turpin L Monnier D Rieu P Douste-Blazy 《Annales de génétique》1990,33(2):65-69
Many mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene have now been identified mostly as gross gene rearrangements, however they only represent a weak percentage of all deleterious gene mutations causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH). This discrepancy may be related to the difficulties in characterizing point or small defective mutations. In a three-generation family with Familial Hypercholesterolemia, one specific haplotype constructed with 12 intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) cosegregated with the disease, while in the consanguineous propositus there was homozygosity for this haplotype. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by direct sequencing there was unequivocal evidence for a double dose of a unique mutation, (namely a duplication of 4 bases in exon 17), while there was a single dose in heterozygote relatives. We consequently screened a population selected under clinical and geographical criteria for this mutation by PCR and allele specific oligonucleotides (ASO) hybridization. None of the 158 type IIa individuals tested carried the same mutation. Herein, is a rapid combined genetic and molecular approach to characterize and evaluate the frequency of LDL Receptor gene mutations causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia, towards targeted prevention and therapy. 相似文献
109.
Normal growth of transgenic tobacco plants in the absence of cytosolic pyruvate kinase 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
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Gottlob-McHugh SG Sangwan RS Blakeley SD Vanlerberghe GC Ko K Turpin DH Plaxton WC Miki BL Dennis DT 《Plant physiology》1992,100(2):820-825
The coding sequence of the cytosolic isozyme of potato tuber pyruvate kinase (PK) was attached to the transit peptide of the small subunit of pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase and placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. This construct was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum. Unexpectedly, two primary transformants were recovered in which PK activity in leaves was greatly reduced. The reduction in PK activity appeared to result from the complete absence of the cytosolic form of the enzyme (PKc). In addition, no PKc could be detected on western blots of leaf extracts. Metabolite analyses indicated that the levels of phosphoenolpyruvate are substantially higher in PKc-deficient leaves than in wild-type leaves, consistent with a block in glycolysis at the step catalyzed by PK. PKc deficiency in the leaves does not appear to adversely affect plant growth. Analysis of progeny indicates that PKc deficiency is a heritable trait. The leaves of PKc-deficient transformants have normal rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution and respiratory O2 consumption, indicating that these plants are using alternative pathways to bypass PK. 相似文献
110.