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101.
Tucker MZ Turcotte LP 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2002,282(4):R1210-R1218
To determine the effects of brief food restriction on fatty acid (FA) metabolism, hindlimbs of F344/BN rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or food restricted (FR) to 60% of baseline food intake for 28 days were perfused under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions (20 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 1,000 microU/ml insulin, [3-(3)H]glucose, and [1-(14)C]palmitate). Basal glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats. Palmitate uptake (34.3 +/- 2.7 vs. 24.5 +/- 3.1 nmol/g/min) and oxidation (3.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.3 nmol.g(-1).min(-1)) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats, respectively. Glucose uptake was increased in FR rats and was accompanied by significant increases in red and white gastrocnemius glycogen synthesis, indicating an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Although muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were not significantly different between groups, glucose uptake and total preperfusion TG concentration were negatively correlated (r(2) = 0.27, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions, brief FR resulted in an increase in FA oxidative disposal that may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity. 相似文献
102.
103.
Tucker MZ Turcotte LP 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2002,282(5):E1102-E1109
The purpose of the present study was to examine the utilization of fatty acids (FA) and muscle substrates by skeletal muscle in young, middle-aged, and old adult rats under conditions of euglycemia with low insulin levels. Male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats aged 5, 15, or 24 mo underwent hindlimb perfusion with a medium of 8 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 25 microU/ml insulin, [1-(14)C]palmitate, and [3-(3)H]glucose. Glucose and palmitate uptake were similar among age groups. The percent and total palmitate oxidized (nmol.min(-1).g(-1)) were 30-36 and 41-49% lower (P < 0.05) in 15-mo- and 24-mo-old than in 5-mo-old animals. Compared with 5-mo- and 15-mo-old animals, pre- and postperfusion muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated 91-305% in red and 118-219% in white muscles of 24-mo-old animals. Fatty acid-binding protein content was 40-64% higher (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo- or 15-mo-old animals. In red muscle, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) content was 28% lower (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo-old animals. These results indicate that, under euglycemic conditions in the presence of low insulin levels, the reduction in FA disposal to oxidation and the decrease in HSL content may contribute to the accumulation of TG in muscle of old animals. 相似文献
104.
Yee AJ Turcotte LP 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2002,283(1):E73-E77
Insulin has been shown to alter long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism and malonyl-CoA production in muscle. However, these alterations may have been induced, in part, by the accompanying insulin-induced changes in glucose uptake. Thus, to determine the effects of insulin on LCFA metabolism independently of changes in glucose uptake, rat hindquarters were perfused with 600 microM palmitate and [1-(14)C]palmitate and with either 20 mM glucose and no insulin (G) or 6 mM glucose and 250 microU/ml of insulin (I). As dictated by our protocol, glucose uptake was not significantly different between the G and I groups (10.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 11.0 +/- 0.5 micromol x g(-1) x h(-1); P > 0.05). Total palmitate uptake and oxidation were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the G (10.1 +/- 1.0 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 nmol x min(-1) x g(-1)) and I (10.2 +/- 0.6 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 nmol. min(-1) x g(-1)) groups. Preperfusion muscle triglyceride and malonyl-CoA levels were not significantly different between the G and I groups and did not change significantly during the perfusion (P > 0.05). Similarly, muscle triglyceride synthesis was not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that the presence of insulin under conditions of similar glucose uptake does not alter LCFA metabolism and suggest that cellular mechanisms induced by carbohydrate availability, but independent of insulin, may be important in the regulation of muscle LCFA metabolism. 相似文献
105.
Turcotte Lorraine P.; Petry Carsten; Kiens Bente; Richter Erik A. 《Journal of applied physiology》1998,84(5):1788-1794
To evaluate the effects of contractions on thekinetics of uptake and oxidation of palmitate in a physiological musclepreparation, rat hindquarters were perfused with glucose (6 mmol/l),albumin-bound [1-14C]palmitate, andvarying amounts of albumin-bound palmitate (200-2,200 µmol/l) atrest and during muscle contractions. When plotted against the unboundpalmitate concentration, palmitate uptake and oxidation displayedsimple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with estimated maximal velocity(Vmax)and Michaelis-Menten constant(Km) values of42.8 ± 3.8 (SE)nmol · min1 · g1and 13.4 ± 3.4 nmol/l for palmitate uptake and 3.8 ± 0.4 nmol · min1 · g1and 8.1 ± 2.9 nmol/l for palmitate oxidation, respectively, at rest.Whereas muscle contractions increased theVmaxfor both palmitate uptake and oxidation to 91.6 ± 10.1 and 16.5 ± 2.3 nmol · min1 · g1,respectively, theKm remainedunchanged.Vmaxand Km estimates obtained from Hanes-Woolf plots (substrate concentration/velocity vs.substrate concentration) were not significantly different. In theresting perfused hindquarter, an increase in palmitate delivery from31.9 ± 0.9 to 48.7 ± 1.2 µmol · g1 · h1by increasing perfusate flow was associated with a decrease in thefractional uptake of palmitate so that the rates of uptake andoxidation of palmitate remained unchanged. It is concluded that therates of uptake and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) saturatewith an increase in the concentration of unbound LCFA in perfusedskeletal muscle and that muscle contractions, but not an increase inplasma flow, increase theVmaxfor LCFA uptake and oxidation. The data are consistent with the notion that uptake of LCFA in muscle may be mediated in part by a transport system. 相似文献
106.
The demonstration that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a lectin specific for
oligomannosides allows to understand a new function for this cytokine: as a
bifunctional molecule when bound to its receptor ss, IL-2 associates the
latter which the CD3/TCR complex, interacting with oligosaccharides of CD3
through its carbohydrate-recognition domain (Zanetta et al. , 1996,
Biochem. J., 318, 49-53). This induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the
IL-2R beta by ++p56(lck) , the first step of the IL-2-dependent signaling.
Since this specific association is disrupted in vitro by oligomannosides
with five and six mannose residues, we made the hypothesis that pathogenic
cells or microorganisms could bind IL-2, consequently disturbing the IL-2-
dependent response. This study shows that the pathogenic yeast Candida
albicans (in contrast with nonpathogenic yeasts) binds high amounts of IL-2
as did cancer cells. In contrast with cancer cells, yeasts do not bind the
Man6GlcNAc2-specific lectin CSL, an endogenous "amplifier of activation
signals" (Zanetta et al. , 1995, Biochem. J., 311, 629-636).
相似文献
107.
108.
Effect of insulin on ultrastructure and glycogenesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes
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Insulin in the presence of high concentrations of glucose has a beneficial trophic effect on the development of primary cultures of hepatocytes. Compared to the situation observed in hormone-free control cultures, the flattening of the reaggregated hepatocytes is enhanced, and the reconstituted cell trabeculae are enlarged and tend to form a confluent monolayer after 3 days; the survival time is prolonged from 3 to 5 or 6 days. Ultrastructural modifications are also initiated by insulin; numerous glycogen particles appear after 24 h, in between the cisternae of the proliferated smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After 48 h, large amounts of glycogen are stored, and numerous polysomes are present. A small number of cells showed an increased synthesis of lipid droplets in the lumen of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and form liposomes at the same time. After 72 h, cytolysomes filled with glycogen develop, simulating glycogenosis type II. Simultaneously, microtubules and microfilaments, closely related to numerous polysomes, appear in cytoplasmic extensions constituting undulating membranes. The biochemical data demonstrate that, in the absence of insulin, a high concentration of glucose stimulates glycogenesis and hinders glycogenolysis. This effect of glucose on polysaccharide synthesis is progressively lost. The addition of insulin to the culture induces after 48 and 72 h, a three- to fivefold increase of the glucose incorporation into glycogen, as compared to the controls. The presence of insulin is required to maintain the hepatocyte's capacity to store glycogen. Glycogen synthetase is converted into its active form under the influence of glucose. Insulin increases the rate of activation. 相似文献
109.
110.
R. Turcotte 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1979,7(1):31-35
Summary During propagation in tissue culture, the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was found to lose some of its tumor-producing capacity (oncogenicity) when implanted IP or SC into CF-1 mice. On the other hand, attenuated cells retained their immunoprotective capacity; immunization of mice with a single dose (1×104) of these cells induced a high degree of resistance against a challenge 1 month later with virulent Ehrlich cells maintained by IP transplantation. The admixture of BCG (1×106 viable units) with attenuated cells further improved their immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of attenuated cells was almost completely abolished by gamma-irradiation (2,500 rads), but this property was significantly restored by the addition of BCG. Some evidence is presented that suggests that attenuated cells have a higher immunoprotective capacity than the corresponding virulent cells. 相似文献