模拟微重力条件下大鼠肝细胞三维培养支架材料的筛选（简报）

组织工程是一门新兴的边缘学科,它是利用体外培养的人体功能细胞与适当的细胞外基质或支架材料相结合,然后将其移植到体内病损部位以期达到修复目的。微重力组织工程(Microgravity Tissue Engineering)是近年来由美国空间生物技术研究人员开创的一个独特研究领域,其核心技术是     

病原菌诱导型启动子顺式作用元件及其互作的转录因子

启动子是位于基因5′端上游的一段DNA序列, 负责调控基因的转录。与植物抗病相关基因的启动子区含有能针对病原菌胁迫做出应答的顺式作用元件, 这些顺式作用元件通过与转录因子特异性结合, 进而增强抗病基因的转录表达, 提高植物的抗病性。该文主要综述了病原菌诱导型启动子相关顺式作用元件及与这些元件互作的转录因子, 特别对一类特殊的转录因子--病原菌TAL效应子与植物靶基因启动子之间的相互作用机制进行了阐述, 并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Highly sensitive and selective uric acid biosensor based on a three-dimensional graphene foam/indium tin oxide glass electrode

A three-dimensional (3D) continuous and interconnected network graphene foam (GF) was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using nickel foam as a template. The morphologies of the GF were observed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of GF. The graphene with few layers and defect free was closely coated on the backbone of the 3D nickel foam. After etching nickel, the GF was transferred onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, which acted as an electrode to detect uric acid using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The GF/ITO electrode showed a high sensitivity for the detection of uric acid: approximately 9.44 mA mM⁻¹ in the range of 25 nM–0.1 μM and 1.85 mA mM⁻¹ in the range of 0.1–60 μM. The limit of detection of GF/ITO electrode for uric acid is 3 nM. The GF/ITO electrode also showed a high selectivity for the detection of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid. This electrode will have a wide range of potential application prospects in electrochemical detection.     

Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-J3^T, was isolated from soybean root (Glycine max (L.) Merr) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain NEAU-J3^T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. The strain was observed to form an extensively branched substrate mycelium, which carried non-motile oval spores with a smooth surface. The cell walls of strain NEAU-J3^T were determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinones were determined to be MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₆). The phospholipids detected were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, C_18:0, C_17:0, C_17:1 ω7c, anteiso-C_17:0, C_16:1 ω7c and C_15:0. The DNA G + C content was 62.5 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain NEAU-J3^T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Wangella harbinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Wangella harbinensis is strain NEAU-J3^T (=CGMCC 4.7039^T = DSM 45747^T).     

山茶属植物ITS的多态性——一个广泛逃离一致性进化的实例

利用位于45S rDNA内转录间隔区（ITS）的3对SSR引物, 对山茶属（Camellia L.）的40个物种进行PCR扩增, 检测3个SSR位点的多态性, 研究物种倍性与多态性之间的关系。实验结果显示, 37个种（占92.5%）的ITS片段存在个体内长度多态性, 在这些种类的个体内至少有2–6类ITS拷贝, 表明山茶属植物的ITS片段存在广泛的非一致性进化; ITS序列上存在易于滑动的SSR位点, 并且其基因组中有较多位于不同染色体上的rDNA位点, 这很可能是山茶属植物ITS片段存在广泛多态性的原因。然而, 研究中没有发现多倍体种类ITS片段的多态性显著高于二倍体种类。山茶属植物ITS片段的多态性提示该属植物的rDNA可能存在更为复杂的进化模式, 在利用ITS片段解决该属植物的系统分类问题时应更为谨慎。     

人脐带和骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离培养及生物学特性比较

目的体外分离培养、扩增人脐带间充质干细胞(h UC-MSC)和人骨髓间充质干细胞(h BM-MSC),并对其生物学特性进行比较。方法采用组织块贴壁法从足月胎儿脐带分离、纯化和培养h UC-MSC,健康成人骨髓肝素抗凝后,采用密度梯度离心法分离、纯化和培养h BM-MSC;用倒置显微镜观察两种细胞的形态及细胞生长增殖情况,流式细胞仪分析检测第3代细胞表面标志的表达,Von?Kossa染色及油红O染色检测分化潜能。结果镜下两种细胞均为贴壁生长,形态为均一的成纤维细胞样,取相同数量的细胞传代接种后,h UC-MSC的增殖速率快于h BM-MSC,两种细胞具有均一的细胞表型,均表达CD29、CD44、CD105,不表达CD45、CD34、HLA-DR、HLA-G、CD80、CD86,两种细胞都有成骨、成脂分化潜能,但h UC-MSC的分化潜能更强。结论 h UC-MSC与h BM-MSC具有相似的生物学特性,且前者具有更强的增殖能力和分化潜能,h UC-MSC有望成为h BMMSC理想的替代来源。     

石生南亚毛灰藓在不同温度和干旱条件下的生理生化特性

通过模拟高温和干旱处理,对喀斯特石漠化生境中南亚毛灰藓(Homomallium simlaense(Mitt.)Broth.Mitt)在胁迫条件下生理特征的变化进行了研究。结果表明,南亚毛灰藓在高温和干旱条件下,各项生理指标均与相对含水量呈显著正相关;丙二醛、渗透调节物质和叶绿素含量均随处理时间的增加和含水量的降低而减少,但植株仍保持较高的可溶性糖含量以维持渗透压的平衡。在极端干旱和高温的条件下,南亚毛灰藓可通过降低生理活性,保持一定的可溶性糖含量度过胁迫期,同时丙二醛含量保持最低状态。高温和干旱处理结束后,进行复水处理,植株的渗透调节物质和丙二醛含量显著升高,光合作用迅速恢复。研究结果表明,南亚毛灰藓适应干旱和高温的极端条件可能与丙二醛含量有关,但复水结束后丙二醛含量升高,胁迫反而增强,说明南亚毛灰藓对高温和干旱具有一定耐受性,原因可能与其长期生存于喀斯特的石生环境有关。     

姜品种叶片形态学研究

用光镜和电镜对姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)20个品种的叶表皮细胞、气孔器进行了观察,对叶形指数进行了研究。结果表明,姜叶片表皮细胞的形状主要有正六边形、长六边形和不规则六边形3种类型。气孔器均为平列型,气孔器的宽度为21.5-31.0μm,气孔器指数为1.75-8.22,叶形指数在品种间有较大差异。表皮的这些特征为确定品种间亲缘关系提供了依据。     

Novel x-type high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from Aegilops tauschii and their implications on the wheat origin and evolution mechanism of Glu-D1-1 proteins

Two new x-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits with similar size to 1Dx5, designated 1Dx5*t and 1Dx5.1*t in Aegilops tauschii, were identified by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, and MALDI-TOF-MS. The coding sequences were isolated by AS-PCR and the complete ORFs were obtained. Allele 1Dx5*t consists of 2481 bp encoding a mature protein of 827 residues with deduced Mr of 85,782 Da whereas 1Dx5.1*t comprises 2526 bp encoding 842 residues with Mr of 87,663 Da. The deduced Mr's of both genes were consistent with those determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. Molecular structure analysis showed that the repeat motifs of 1Dx5*t were correspondingly closer to the consensus compared to 1Dx5.1*t and 1Dx5 subunits. A total of 11 SNPs (3 in 1Dx5*t and 8 in 1Dx5.1*t) and two indels in 1Dx5*t were identified, among which 8 SNPs were due to C-T or A-G transitions (an average of 73%). Expression of the cloned ORFs and N-terminal sequencing confirmed the authenticities of the two genes. Interestingly, several hybrid clones of 1Dx5*t expressed a slightly smaller protein relative to the authentic subunit present in seed proteins; this was confirmed to result from a deletion of 180 bp through illegitimate recombination as well as an in-frame stop codon. Network analysis demonstrated that 1Dx5*t, 1Dx2t, 1Dx1.6t, and 1Dx2.2* represent a root within a network and correspond to the common ancestors of the other Glu-D-1-1 alleles in an associated star-like phylogeny, suggesting that there were at least four independent origins of hexaploid wheat. In addition to unequal homologous recombination, duplication and deletion of large fragments occurring in Glu-D-1-1 alleles were attributed to illegitimate recombination.