直播水稻茎鞘非结构碳水化合物积累与转运的遗传剖析

为了揭示水稻（Oryza sativa）茎鞘非结构碳水化合物（nonstructural carbohydrate, NSC）积累与转运的遗传基础, 在大田直播条件下, 利用来源于Lemont/特青的重组自交系群体, 对5个相关性状进行了QTL定位。始穗期和成熟期共检测到3个茎鞘NSC含量QTL, 分别位于第1、9和12染色体上, 贡献率分别为13%、7%和7%, 增效等位基因均来自特青。检测到的2个NSC转运率QTL均位于第12染色体上, 贡献率分别为8%和14%。检测到的结实率和千粒重QTL分别为3个和4个, 3个结实率QTL的贡献率分别为9%、24%和6%, 4个千粒重QTL的贡献率分别为14%、11%、12%和13%。进一步的分析表明,来自Lemont的等位基因降低成熟期茎鞘NSC含量的同时却能提高NSC转运率、结实率和千粒重, 而来自特青的等位基因对NSC转运率和结实率均有增效作用, 这为性状间表型相关提供了重要的遗传解释。     

Islet1基因与心脏发育

心脏发育及心脏疾病干细胞的治疗要求对心脏发育过程中的控制细胞增殖及分化的相关基因的作用机制进行深入了解.Islet1基因(Isl1基因)含有6个外显子和5个内含子,定位于人类5号染色体5q11.2.该基因在基因组内约占12kb,目前所知其最长可读框(ORF)至少由5个外显子组成,编码一个由384个氨基酸组成的转录因子蛋白.最近研究发现,不同的心脏细胞可能源于同一种多能心脏祖细胞—Isl1+细胞,心脏的这一发育模式与血液细胞的形成模式非常相像.另外有研究结果显示,Isl1是与心脏发育密切相关的转录因子之一,其表达随着心脏发育成熟而逐渐下调.虽然针对Isl1基因做了较多的研究工作,但是它表达调控的具体模式及发挥功能的详细作用机制目前仍未完全清楚,本文对最近几年Isl1基因的研究进展作一综述.     

Steroidogenesis in human aldosterone-secreting adenomas and adrenal hyperplasias: effects of hypoxia in vitro

The synthesis of adrenal steroids requires molecular oxygen. Because arterial hypoxemia is a common clinical condition, the purpose of the present study was to examine steroidogenesis in vitro under physiological changes in O(2) tension (Po(2)) in cells from human adrenal glands with aldosterone-secreting adenomas (ASA; n=3) or with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia causing Cushing's syndrome (n=4). A decrease in Po(2) from 150 mmHg (mild hyperoxia) to 80 mmHg had minimal effect on steroid production. A reduction to 40 mmHg (still well within the physiological range) significantly inhibited cAMP- and ACTH-stimulated aldosterone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) production from ASA. Furthermore, cortisol and DHEA production in cells from histologically normal tissue, adjacent to ASA and from bilateral adrenal hyperplasias, was also inhibited under a Po(2) of 40 mmHg. We conclude that physiological decreases in Po(2) to levels typical for adrenal venous Po(2) under mild hypoxia inhibit steroidogenesis. These studies may have implications for oxygen therapy in critically ill patients with functional adrenal insufficiency, as well as for therapeutic options in patients with adrenal neoplasms.     

A nomenclature for intestinal in vitro cultures

Many advances have been reported in the long-term culture of intestinal mucosal cells in recent years. A significant number of publications have described new culture media, cell formations, and growth patterns. Furthermore, it is now possible to study, e.g., the capabilities of isolated stem cells or the interactions between stem cells and mesenchyme. However, at the moment there is significant variation in the way these structures are described and named. A standardized nomenclature would benefit the ability to communicate and compare findings from different laboratories using the different culture systems. To address this issue, members of the NIH Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium herein propose a systematic nomenclature for in vitro cultures of the small and large intestine. We begin by describing the structures that are generated by preparative steps. We then define and describe structures produced in vitro, specifically: enterosphere, enteroid, reconstituted intestinal organoid, induced intestinal organoid, colonosphere, colonoid, and colonic organoid.     

Identifying More Epidemic Clones during a Hospital Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major concern in hospitals. Current infection-control practices legitimately focus on hygiene and appropriate use of antibiotics. However, little is known about the intrinsic abilities of some bacterial strains to cause outbreaks. They can be measured at a population level by the pathogen’s transmission rate, i.e. the rate at which the pathogen is transmitted from colonized hosts to susceptible hosts, or its reproduction number, counting the number of secondary cases per infected/colonized host. We collected data covering a 20-month surveillance period for carriage of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in a surgery ward. All isolates were subjected to molecular fingerprinting, and a cluster analysis of profiles was performed to identify clonal groups. We then applied stochastic transmission models to infer transmission rates of MDRAB and each MDRAB clone. Molecular fingerprinting indicated that 3 clonal complexes spread in the ward. A first model, not accounting for different clones, quantified the level of in-ward cross-transmission, with an estimated transmission rate of 0.03/day (95% credible interval [0.012–0.049]) and a single-admission reproduction number of 0.61 [0.30–1.02]. The second model, accounting for different clones, suggested an enhanced transmissibility of clone 3 (transmission rate 0.047/day [0.018–0.091], with a single-admission reproduction number of 0.81 [0.30–1.56]). Clones 1 and 2 had comparable transmission rates (respectively, 0.016 [0.001–0.045], 0.014 [0.001–0.045]). The method used is broadly applicable to other nosocomial pathogens, as long as surveillance data and genotyping information are available. Building on these results, more epidemic clones could be identified, and could lead to follow-up studies dissecting the functional basis for variation in transmissibility of MDRAB lineages.     

新型发热材料在医疗辅助用品上的应用 安全型电热毯与电热敷

本文应用最新超安全型发热材料（电热PTC,NTC性能的多层加热线）于医疗辅助用品电热毯,电热敷,进一步提升了这一传统产品的安全系数和产品性能,并以此为基础跨人了超安全型电热毯,电热敷这一行业发展的方向性领域。     

Clonal Selection Based Memetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problems

A clonal selection based memetic algorithm is proposed for solving job shop scheduling problems in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, the clonal selection and the local search mechanism are designed to enhance exploration and exploitation. In the clonal selection mechanism, clonal selection, hypermutation and receptor edit theories are presented to construct an evolutionary searching mechanism which is used for exploration. In the local search mechanism, a simulated annealing local search algorithm based on Nowicki and Smutnicki＇s neighborhood is presented to exploit local optima. The proposed algorithm is examined using some well-known benchmark problems. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

高速逆流双水相色谱法纯化卵白蛋白

生物大分子的液_固色谱纯化过程中固相载体会产生产物吸附、变性等不良影响。高速逆流色谱无需固相载体 ,且具有高分便率和高回收率的优点 ,其中有机相 水相体系在分离天然产物中应用广泛 ,而应用双水相体系分离生物大分子尚处于研究阶段。双水相高速逆流色谱体系的建立与仪器设备及操作工艺条件密切相关 ,因此利用多分离柱高速逆流色谱仪 ,研究了PEG1000-无机盐双水相体系对标准蛋白质混合物以及卵白蛋白的分离。pH值和PEG浓度对不同种类蛋白质的分配系数影响不同 ,实验发现在pH9.2的150% (W/W)PEG1000 170% (W/W)磷酸钾盐体系中 ,细胞色素C、溶菌酶和肌红蛋白的分配系数差异较大 ,且分布合理 ,因而采用该体系在 0 8mL min流速 ,85 0r min转速的条件下 ,成功分离了细胞色素C、溶菌酶和肌红蛋白的混合物。实验也发现在pH9 2的 16 0 % (W/W)PEG10 0 0 17 0 % (W/W)磷酸钾盐体系中 ,鸡蛋清样品中的主要蛋白质成分:卵转铁蛋白、卵白蛋白和溶菌酶的分配系数差异最大 ,因而采用该体系在 1 8mL min流速、85 0r mi转速的条件下,200min内从鸡蛋清样品中成功分离卵白蛋白,其电泳纯度为100%,收率为95%.     

一种显微图像的拼接方法

描述了一种显微图像拼接的方法,共包括特征检测、特征匹配、空间坐标转换和图像混合等四个步骤。实验结果显示本方法对重叠面积在50％以上的显微图像,能够进行拼接并且都没有出现明显的缝隙、错位、变形、图像模糊、图像重影等错误。     

A Study on Adhesive Properties of Materials Based on Biomimetic Results of Gecko′s Feet

1　IntroductionInthenaturemanyanimals ,suchas geckoes ,flies ,bees ,locustsandspiders ,haveamagicabilitytomoveorholdonvarioussurfaces roughorsmoothfloors ,wallsorceilings.Themechanism ,howtheani malsattachto ,holdonanddetachfromthesurfaces ,mayenlightenusonwall climbingrobotsformthefeetdesign .Therobotsaregreatlyindemandinvacuumcircumstance ,insurvivorsearchinginflown downbuildingandinpipelineinspectingandrepairing .Themechanismsmayalsoshowushowtodesignhighadap tivemanipulators.Thebionicfeetd…