The electronic properties of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives and their monomers and oligomers

The electronic structures of monomers, oligomers and polymers of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives are calculated and analysed based on density functional theory (DFT) methods. The influences of different substituent groups on the band gaps are discussed. Strong relationships are found between band-gap and bond length alternation (BLA) of polymers, and between band-gap and Wiberg bond index (WBI). Analysis of nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) reveals that oligomers with similar energy gaps have close values of NICS.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的遗传变异与小麦加工品质改良

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）是小麦胚乳中一种具有多态性的蛋白质组分,在面团中它们可以通过相互之间或与低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMw-Gs）之间形成二硫键来组成麦谷蛋白多聚体。由于其在小麦面粉加工所需的粘性和弹力方面具有极其重要的作用,过去几十年间在小麦加工品质相关蛋白研究方面的工作大多数集中在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基上。近几年在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及其编码基因的鉴定、基因的遗传变异以及不同变异在小麦加工品质中的作用方面进行了大量研究。本文对近几年在HMW-GS领域的研究进展进行综述并且重点讨论HMW-GS的变异及其对小麦品质育种的重要意义。     

安徽菜子湖早春开花植物花粉形态及生态意义

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对安徽安庆菜子湖早春开花植物15科22种2亚种的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。对这些植物的生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境进行了调查和归纳。在此基础上,根据该区域内相同或相似的生态环境条件下分布的现代植物各种花粉类型,间接得出一定花粉类型综合特征所指示的现代气候和环境,为利用菜子湖湖泊孢粉资料来研究区域气候和环境变化提供现代孢粉学资料和依据。     

NO在脊髓痛觉传递过程中的作用

一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)是神经元细胞内一种新型的神经递质,它参与多种生命活动,包括脊髓水平的伤害性信息传递过程。研究NO在伤害性信息传递过程中的作用及其机制,有利于阐明痛觉生理和发现疼痛治疗的新手段。本文将NO在慢性痛脊髓伤害性信息传递中的作用及其机制的相关研究进展作一综述。     

ZSM-5(38)/Al-MCM-41复合分子筛对纤维素催化热解的影响

以纤维素为原料,以自制的不同硅铝比ZSM-5(38)/Al-MCM-41微-介孔复合分子筛为催化剂,在固定床反应器上进行了催化热解实验。采用XRD表征分子筛,采用GC-MS分析生物油成分,考查了催化剂的改变对生物质热解产物及生物油成分的影响。实验结果表明:添加催化剂后,生物油产率降低,且其含水率也有所增加。与未添加催化剂相比,生物油中D L-2,3-丁二醇有明显提高。其中,ZSM-5(38)/Al-MCM-41(20)最有利于苯酚、愈创木酚(2-甲氧基-苯酚)的生成。此外,这几种催化剂均有利于小分子化合物的生成,其中,ZSM-5(38)有利于C4~C5化合物的生成,微-介孔复合分子筛则有利于C6~C8化合物的生成。     

冠状动脉支架血流动力学中的几个问题

由于冠状动脉支架介入治疗具有手术创伤小、操作简单、见效快、病人恢复时间短等诸多优点,在治疗心血管动脉粥样硬化或血栓堵塞方面,有逐渐替代外科搭桥手术的趋势。虽然血管支架技术在临床已经有广泛应用,治疗效果也有明显的改善,但是依然存在许多不足需要改进。本文首先回顾了血管支架的发展历程,然后针对血管支架研究中与血流动力学相关的几个待解决的问题进行了论述,以期从血流动力学的角度为血管支架的改进和发展提出建议。     

基于扩散张量成像的脑组织各向异性电导率计算模型的研究综述

脑组织电导率不仅对脑电源分析起着至关重要的作用,而且也是及时发现脑组织发生功能性病变的重要依据之一.扩散张量成像是一种无损伤功能性成像新技术,具有很高的空间分辨率.基于扩散张量成像的脑组织电导率计算是近年来的一项重要研究课题.本文综述了已有脑组织各向异性电导率的计算模型,主要包括张量特征值线性模型、电场力-粘力平衡模型...     

Upregulation of FIk-1 by bFGF via the ERK pathway is essential for VEGF-mediated promotion of neural stem cell proliferation

Neural stem cells (NSCs) constitute the cellular basis for embryonic brain development and neurogenesis.The processis regulated by NSC niche including neighbor cells such as vascular and glial cells.Since both vascular and glial cellssecrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),we assessed the effect ofVEGF and bFGF on NSC proliferation using nearly homogeneous NSCs that were differentiated from mouse embryonicstem cells.VEGF alone did not have any significant effect.When bFGF was added,however,VEGF stimulated NSCproliferation in a dose-dependent manner,and this stimulation was inhibited by ZM323881,a VEGF receptor (Flk-1)-specific inhibitor.Interestingly,ZM323881 also inhibited cell proliferation in the absence of exogenous VEGF,suggestingthat VEGF autocrine plays a role in the proliferation of NSCs.The stimulatory effect of VEGF on NSC proliferationdepends on bFGF,which is likely due to the fact that expression of Flk-1 was upregulated by bFGF via phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2.Collectively,this study may provide insight into the mechanisms by which mieroenvironmental nichesignals regulate NSCs.     

Characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines by the International Stem Cell Initiative

The International Stem Cell Initiative characterized 59 human embryonic stem cell lines from 17 laboratories worldwide. Despite diverse genotypes and different techniques used for derivation and maintenance, all lines exhibited similar expression patterns for several markers of human embryonic stem cells. They expressed the glycolipid antigens SSEA3 and SSEA4, the keratan sulfate antigens TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2 and GCT343, and the protein antigens CD9, Thy1 (also known as CD90), tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and class 1 HLA, as well as the strongly developmentally regulated genes NANOG, POU5F1 (formerly known as OCT4), TDGF1, DNMT3B, GABRB3 and GDF3. Nevertheless, the lines were not identical: differences in expression of several lineage markers were evident, and several imprinted genes showed generally similar allele-specific expression patterns, but some gene-dependent variation was observed. Also, some female lines expressed readily detectable levels of XIST whereas others did not. No significant contamination of the lines with mycoplasma, bacteria or cytopathic viruses was detected.