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91.
Does endothelin-1 participate in the exercise-induced changes of blood flow distribution of muscles in humans? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maeda Seiji; Miyauchi Takashi; Sakane Michiko; Saito Makoto; Maki Shinichi; Goto Katsutoshi; Matsuda Mitsuo 《Journal of applied physiology》1997,82(4):1107-1111
Maeda, Seiji, Takashi Miyauchi, Michiko Sakane, MakotoSaito, Shinichi Maki, Katsutoshi Goto, and Mitsuo Matsuda. Does endothelin-1 participate in the exercise-induced changes of blood flowdistribution of muscles in humans? J. Appl.Physiol. 82(4): 1107-1111, 1997.Endothelin-1(ET-1) is an endothelium-derived potent vasoconstrictor peptide thatpotentiates contractions to norepinephrine in human vessels. Wepreviously reported that the circulating plasma concentration of ET-1is significantly increased after exercise (S. Maeda, T. Miyauchi, K. Goto, and M. Matsuda. J. Appl.Physiol. 77: 1399-1402, 1994). Tostudy the roles of ET-1 during and after exercise, we investigatedwhether endurance exercise affects the production of ET-1 in thecirculation of working muscles and nonworking muscles. Male athletesperformed one-leg cycle ergometer exercise of 30-min duration atintensity of 110% of their individual ventilatory threshold. Plasmaconcentrations of ET-1 in both sides of femoral veins (veins in theworking leg and nonworking leg) and in the femoral artery (artery inthe nonworking leg) were measured before and afterexercise. The plasma ET-1 concentration in the femoralvein in the nonworking leg was significantly increased after exercise,whereas that in femoral vein in the working leg was not changed. Thearteriovenous difference in ET-1 concentration was significantlyincreased after exercise in the circulation of the nonworking leg butnot of the working leg, which suggests that the production of ET-1 wasincreased in the circulation of the nonworking leg by exercise. Thepresent study also demonstrated that the plasma norepinephrineconcentrations were elevated by exercise in the femoral veins of boththe working and nonworking legs, suggesting that the sympathetic nerveactivity was augmented in both legs during exercise. Therefore, thepresent study demonstrates the possibility that the increase inproduction of ET-1 in nonworking muscles may cause vasoconstriction andhence decrease blood flow in nonworking muscles through its directvasoconstrictive action or through an indirect effect of ET-1 toenhance vasoconstrictions to norepinephrine and that these responsesmay be helpful in increasing blood flow in workingmuscles. We propose that endogenous ET-1 contributes tothe exercise-induced redistribution of blood flow in muscles. 相似文献
92.
Regional Taste Sensitivity to NaCl: Relationship to Subject Age, Tongue Locus and Area of Stimulation 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Using a signal detection procedure and a microprocessor-controlledgustometer, sensitivity to three concentrations of NaCl (0.01,0.1 and 1.0 M) was measured on the tongue tip, and on a region3.0 cm posterior to the tongue tip in 12 young (2029years of age) and 12 elderly (7079 years of age) subjects.Stimulus duration was 2 s; the sizes of the tongue areas stimulatedwere 12.5, 25 and 50 mm2. On average, the young subjects weremore sensitive to NaCl on the tongue tip than on the more posteriorstimulation site and exhibited, at both tongue loci, an increasein detection performance as stimulus concentration increased.The elderly subjects, on the other hand, performed at chancelevel at both tongue loci for all three stimulus sizes and concentrationstested. No sex differences were observed. In the young subjects,the mean R-index increased monotonically as a function of stimulussize for the two highest NaCl concentrations at both tongueloci. A hyperbolic function provided the best fit to these dataat the tongue tip, and an exponential function at the more posteriortongue region, implying a different pattern of spatial summationat these two sites. Overall, this study demonstrates that markedage-related changes in regional taste sensitivity to NaCl arepresent in elderly persons. Chem. Senses 20: 283290,1995. 相似文献
93.
Matsunaga Tadashi Tomoda Ryuzo Matsuda Hidemi 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1984,19(6):404-408
Summary A photomicrobial electrode, which uses the photosynthetic bacteria Chromatium sp. in conjunction with a hydrogen electrode, was developed for the determination of sulphide. The response time of the photomicrobial electrode was 5–10 min. A linear relationship was obtained between the current of the electrode and the sodium sulphide concentration below 3.5 mM. The minimum detectable concentration of sodium sulphide was 0.4 mM. Selectivity of the sensor is satisfactory. A good agreement was obtained between the photomicrobial electrode and the ethylene blue method (correlation coefficient: 0.90). 相似文献
94.
When synaptosomes were depolarized in the presence of Ca2+, or when Ca2+ was added to synaptosomes pretreated with Ca2+ ionophore (A23187), free arachidonic acid was clearly increased within synaptosomes, and at the same time an efflux of gamma-aminobutyric acid from synaptosomes was observed. Moreover, when synaptosomes labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid were depolarized in the presence of Ca2+, there was a significant decrease in the radioactivity of the fatty acid of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Exogenously added arachidonic acid, but not other fatty acids, stimulated the efflux of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the absence of Ca2+. These observations suggest that the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids is an intrinsic part of the biochemical mechanism that modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid efflux. 相似文献
95.
There is selective accumulation of a growth factor in chicken skeletal muscle. II. Transferrin accumulation in dystrophic fast muscle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Transferrin or a transferrin-like protein, with ability to stimulate myogenesis and terminal differentiation in vitro, is found in fast chicken muscle during embryonic development. After hatching, however, transferrin is no longer accumulated or is only weakly accumulated by fast muscles like the pectoralis major and the posterior latissimus dorsi but continues to be accumulated by slow muscles like the anterior latissimus dorsi. In congenic lines of chickens bearing the gene for muscular dystrophy, however, adult fast muscles do not lose the ability to accumulate transferrin. While transferrin is found selectively in adult normal and dystrophic muscle it does not appear to be synthesized by muscle cells. Immunocytochemical localization shows that transferrin is accumulated not so much by muscle fibers as it is by single cells in the muscle interstitial space. The relationship between transferrin presence and growth patterns in adult skeletal muscle is not currently understood but evidence suggests that transferrin stimulation of myogenesis observed in vitro may be mediated in vivo by non-muscle cells dwelling within the muscle interstitial space. These cells may act as transferrin-uptake sources for subsequent satellite cell stimulation. 相似文献
96.
Growth of Vicia faba seedlings is accompanied by a rapid increasein arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19
[EC]
) in the leaves and epicotyl.Increased enzyme activity was observed under saline conditionsin the presence of NaCl and with osmotic stress by mannitol.The partially purified enzyme (about 86-fold) readily decarboxylatedL-arginine, while D-arginine, L-homoarginine, L-ornithine andL-lysine were decarboxylated very slowly, and L-citrulline andL-glutamic acid were not decarboxylated. The Km value was 5.8?104M for L-arginine. The optimal pH and temperature for activitywere 8.5 and 45?C, respectively. p-Chloromercuribenzoate andN-ethylmaleimide were effective inhibitors of the enzyme. Inhibitionby spermidine, putrescine and agmatine suggested a possiblefeed-back mechanism in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis. (Received October 11, 1983; Accepted February 24, 1984) 相似文献
97.
Takanobu Anai Jiro Yamamoto Ichiro Matsuda Naoki Taniguchi Takahito Kondo Bunsaku Nagai 《Human genetics》1984,66(2-3):282-285
Summary Two siblings with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nerve deafness were examined. It was found by ammonium chloride and bicarbonate loading tests that the 6-year-old brother had a hybrid type of RTA and his 4-year-old sister, a distal type of RTA. Enzyme activity and amount of enzyme protein of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I and II in red blood cells, measured using an immunoadsorbent method, were normal in both cases. Although this indicated that the RTAs of these patients are not generated by the carbonic anhydrase deficiency, an investigation with renal tissue is necessary to arrive at a final conclusion. 相似文献
98.
A soluble enzyme preparation (20,000 X g supernatant fraction), prepared from the mycelia of wild-type Neurospora crassa, was capable of transferring [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into both trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble and TCA-insoluble macromolecule products in the absence of added primer. These reactions did not require either high concentrations of salts or any other chemical reagents. Two labeled products were formed; one was a glycogen-like polysaccharide and the other was a glycoprotein with glucosyl chains bound to protein through an acid-labile bond. After mild treatment of the glucoprotein with acid, the product liberated from the protein behaved as a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides and alpha-1,4-glucan with branches. The carbohydrate moiety of the glucoprotein seemed to be released upon prolonged incubation with the enzyme preparation. The glucan thus liberated from the glucoprotein may serve as a primer for the glycogen synthase. The results obtained are therefore suggestive of the existence of a glucoproteic intermediate in the initiation of glycogen biosynthesis. 相似文献
99.
Nontoxigenic derivatives of a toxigenic strain of Clostridium tetani were isolated gy treatment with acridine orange, N-methyl-N'-nitro-soguanidine, rifampicin or ultraviolet light. The frequency of appearance fo non-toxigenic derivatives on these treatments was 0.8 to 3.2 per cent. The nontoxigenic derivatives peoduced all the same extracellular antigenic and protein components as the toxigenic parent strain, except the toxin and materials cross-reacting with the toxin. The nontoxigenic strains, like the toxigenic parent strain, were lyzed by trratment with mitomycin C. Bacteriophage was detected in the lysates of all the nontoxigenic derivatives produced with mitomycin C, and this bacteriophage was morphologically indistinguishable from that obtained from the toxigenic parent strain. The genetic factor controlling tetanus toxin production is discussed. 相似文献
100.
Cell walls of 4-day old rice seedlings were extracted successivelywith ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid, 4% KOH and 24% KOH. A rß-D-glucanpreparation and a xyloglucan preparation were isolated fromthe 4% KOH extract and 24% KOH extract, respectively. Methylationanalysis and enzymic degradation studies of the polysaccharidesshowed that the former was built up predominantly of repeating-oligosaccharideunits of 3-O-rß-cellobiosyl-D-glucose and 3-O-rß-cellotriosyl-D-glucosein a molar ratio of 2.6 : 1.0, and the latter was of repeating-oligosaccharideunits of -D-xylosyl-(16)-rß-D-glucosyl-(14)-[-D-xylosyl-(16)]-rß-D-glucosyl-(14)-D-glucose,-D-xylosyl-(16)-rß-D-glucosyl-(14)-D-glucose and cellobiose.
1 Present address: Department of Botany, Iowa State University,Ames, Iowa 50011, U.S.A. (Received August 29, 1981; Accepted January 12, 1982) 相似文献