甘蔗螟虫卵赤眼蜂繁殖利用的研究

甘蔗是我国最重要的糖料作物,甘蔗害虫以甘蔗螟虫最普遍,分怖亦最廣。廣东珠江三角洲常见的甘蔗螟虫共有四种:条螟或称斑点螟(Diatraea venosata Wk.)、二点螟(Chilo infuscatellus Snellen)、黄螟(Eucosma schistaceana Snellen)和大螟(Sesamiainferens Wk.)。甘蔗螟虫为害的结果,形成枯心苗和蛀(?),影响甘蔗生长发育,减低蔗糖成份,易受风折,而且造成甘蔗赤腐病菌入侵条件。 甘蔗螟虫的为害虽重,但目前还没有一套完整的防治方法,也还没有一种很有效的方法。本试验目的,是利用赤眼蜂来防治甘蔗螟虫。试验内容是赤眼蜂的寄主的选择和繁殖、赤眼蜂的繁殖及保存、赤眼蜂田间放播初步试验和甘蔗螟虫田间发生情况的调查。现将各项试验结果简要地分述如下: 赤眼蜂能否利用成功,要看培育出来的赤眼蜂是否具有高度的生活力。赤眼蜂的生活力可用下列四个标准去量度:(1)蜂体大小,(2)繁殖能力,(3)成虫寿命,(4)对田间环境的適应性。此外,繁殖出来的赤眼蜂雌性此率不应此自然界的减低。 赤眼蜂的生活力,首先和寄主有很大关系。如果寄主卵的内含物的质和量都適合 於赤眼蜂幼虫营养之需,羽化出来的成虫体积大,繁殖力强,寿命也有延长的趣势。关於赤眼蜂的寄主,我们管用过17种鳞翅目昆虫的卵供其寄生,结果以松毛虫(Dendro     

葛根资源遗传多样性和性状关联分析

通过研究葛根资源的遗传多样性和葛根表型性状与分子标记的关联分析,为葛根的分子育种和指纹图谱构建提供理论依据。鉴定分析了127份不同来源葛根资源的10个表型性状,并用ISSR标记研究127份葛根资源的遗传多样性,对ISSR标记与表型性状进行关联分析。表型性状鉴定结果显示葛根资源的10个性状变异大、多样性较好。利用ISSR标记获得多态性条带109条,平均每个引物扩增5.73条、平均Nei's基因多样性0.2085、平均Shannon's指数0.3378,最远遗传距离为0.46。ISSR分子标记聚类分析将127份资源聚为两大类,群体结构分析和PCo A分析结果类似将127份资源分为2个亚群。GLM分析发现3个与茸毛性状关联标记,MLM分析未发现与表型性状关联的标记。本研究收集的资源遗传多样性较好,葛根分子标记聚类结果与地域关系不大,综合GLM和MLM关联分析结果,本试验未发现与表型关联位点。     

Methoxylation of 3',4'-aromatic side chains improves P-glycoprotein inhibitory and multidrug resistance reversal activities of 7,8-pyranocoumarin against cancer cells

The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an ATP-driven membrane exporter of hydrophobic xenobiotics, is one of the major causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Through extensive screening we have found that the extracts of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. and one of the major components (+/-)-praeruptorin A (PA) may reverse Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance. Studies on novel PA derivatives have shown that (+/-)-3'-O,4'-O-dicinnamoyl-cis-khellactone (DCK) is more active than PA or verapamil and is a non-competitive inhibitor of Pgp. Here, we report that methoxylation of the cinnamoyl groups on DCK may further enhance its bioactivity. The structure-activity relationship is demonstrated by comparing two new pyranocoumarins (+/-)-3'-O,4'-O-bis(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-cis-khellactone (DMDCK) and (+/-)-3'-O,4'-O-bis(4-methoxycinnamoyl)-cis-khellactone (MMDCK). While the co-existence of 3- and 4-methoxy groups on cinnamoyl remarkably enhanced the Pgp-inhibitory activity, the lone existence of the 4-methoxy group on cinnamoyl reduced the activity. Contrary to DCK, DMDCK promoted the binding of UIC2 antibody to Pgp which signifies a conformational change of Pgp similar to that induced by transport substrates. While DCK moderately stimulated the basal Pgp-ATPase activity, DMDCK inhibited the activity. A pharmacophore search with verapamil-based template revealed that four functional groups of DMDCK could be simultaneously involved in interaction with Pgp whereas for DCK or MMDCK only three groups were involved. It is speculated that the additional 3-methoxy group on cinnamoyl allows DMDCK to interact more efficiently with Pgp substrate site(s). If DMDCK was tightly bind to Pgp substrate site(s) the complexes could be inactive with regard to transportation and ATP hydrolysis could also be inhibited.     

Electron transfer in chromaffin-vesicle ghosts containing peroxidase.

In chromaffin vesicles, the enzyme dopamine beta-monooxygenase converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It is believed that reducing equivalents for this reaction are supplied by intravesicular ascorbic acid and that the ascorbate is regenerated by importing electrons from the cytosol with cytochrome b-561 functioning as the transmembrane electron carrier. If this is true, then the ascorbate-regenerating system should be capable of providing reducing equivalents to any ascorbate-requiring enzyme, not just dopamine beta-monooxygenase. This may be tested using chromaffin-vesicle ghosts in which an exogenous enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, has been trapped. If ascorbate and peroxidase are trapped together within chromaffin-vesicle ghosts, cytochrome b-561 in the vesicle membrane is found in the reduced form. Subsequent addition of H2O2 causes the cytochrome to become partially oxidized. H2O2 does not cause this oxidation if either peroxidase or ascorbate are absent. This argues that the cytochrome is oxidized by semidehydroascorbate, the oxidation product of ascorbate, rather than by H2O2 or peroxidase directly. The semidehydroascorbate must be internal because the ascorbate from which it is formed is sequestered and inaccessible to external ascorbate oxidase. This shows that cytochrome b-561 can transfer electrons to semidehydroascorbate within the vesicles and that the semidehydroascorbate may be generated by any enzyme, not just dopamine beta-monooxygenase.     

椭圆背角无齿蚌贝壳棱柱层的结构

用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对椭圆背角无齿蚌Anadonta woodiana elliptica贝壳的横截面、纵截面和水平截面进行了观测。结果表明,边长为10～50μm、高度为35～47μm的多边棱柱体是贝壳棱柱层结构的基本单元。它们在贝壳的水平轴和横轴的二维空间方向逐步进行堆砌,以形成棱柱层。在堆砌时所形成的夹角,导致了贝壳在横轴和纵轴方向形成一定的弧度。在外套膜分泌形成贝壳的过程中,依次形成角质层、棱柱层、珍珠层。     

蛋白质组学在植物逆境胁迫研究中的进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代研究的热点领域之一,自从蛋白质组这个概念被提出以来,其研究一直受到广泛关注,其研究技术也有了极大地进步。植物时刻都面临各种非生物胁迫,包括干旱、冷、盐、金属等,在长期进化过程中,植物形成独特的机制来响应逆境,然而目前对于植物如何适应逆境的分子机制尚未完全阐明。因此蛋白质组学作为一种强有力的研究技术手段,将为研究植物响应胁迫的分子机制提供理论支撑。介绍了蛋白质组学的产生背景、研究技术手段及植物在各种胁迫条件下的蛋白质组学研究、植物亚细胞器的蛋白质组学研究状况,同时对植物蛋白质组学的发展前景进行了展望。     

NHERF2 Protein Mobility Rate Is Determined by a Unique C-terminal Domain That Is Also Necessary for Its Regulation of NHE3 Protein in OK Cells

Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) proteins are a family of PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-scaffolding proteins, three of which (NHERFs 1-3) are localized to the brush border in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. All NHERF proteins are involved in anchoring membrane proteins that contain PDZ recognition motifs to form multiprotein signaling complexes. In contrast to their predicted immobility, NHERF1, NHERF2, and NHERF3 were all shown by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching/confocal microscopy to be surprisingly mobile in the microvilli of the renal proximal tubule OK cell line. Their diffusion coefficients, although different among the three, were all of the same magnitude as that of the transmembrane proteins, suggesting they are all anchored in the microvilli but to different extents. NHERF3 moves faster than NHERF1, and NHERF2 moves the slowest. Several chimeras and mutants of NHERF1 and NHERF2 were made to determine which part of NHERF2 confers the slower mobility rate. Surprisingly, the slower mobility rate of NHERF2 was determined by a unique C-terminal domain, which includes a nonconserved region along with the ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) binding domain. Also, this C-terminal domain of NHERF2 determined its greater detergent insolubility and was necessary for the formation of larger multiprotein NHERF2 complexes. In addition, this NHERF2 domain was functionally significant in NHE3 regulation, being necessary for stimulation by lysophosphatidic acid of activity and increased mobility of NHE3, as well as necessary for inhibition of NHE3 activity by calcium ionophore 4-Br-{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187. Thus, multiple functions of NHERF2 require involvement of an additional domain in this protein.     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素的研究和应用进展

苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella (L.)是我国重要的检疫害虫, 在我国仅分布于新疆和甘肃以西局部地区, 但一直保持向我国东部扩张的趋势。在国际上, 利用性信息素监测和迷向防治苹果蠹蛾已经成为一种切实可行并广泛应用的害虫管理技术。本文综述了苹果蠹蛾性信息素的成分鉴定、人工合成和应用情况的研究进展, 指出了目前存在的问题和应用前景, 以期为我国苹果蠹蛾的防控策略的研究和应用提供参考。