Effect of mutations in Shigella flexneri chromosomal and plasmid-encoded lipopolysaccharide genes on invasion and serum resistance

This study shows that both length and distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are important for Shigella flexneri invasion and virulence. Mutants were generated in the chromosomal LPS synthesis genes rfa , rfb , and rol , and in a plasmid-encoded O-antigen chain-length regulator, cld _pHS-2. LPS analysis showed that mutations in rfb genes and in a candidate rfaL gene either eliminated the entire O-antigen side chains or produced chains of greatly reduced length. Mutation in a previously unidentified gene, rfaX , affected the LPS core region and resulted in reduced amounts of O-antigen. Mutants defective in cld _pHS-2 or rol had different distributions of O-antigen chain lengths. The results of tissue-culture cell invasion and plaque assays, the Serény test, and serum-sensitivity assay suggested roles for the different LPS synthesis genes in bacterial survival and virulence; rfaL, rfaX and rfb loci are required for serum resistance and intercellular spread, but not for invasion; cld _pHS-2 is required for resistance to serum killing and for full inflammation in the Serény test, but not for invasion or intercellular spread, while rol is required for normal invasiveness and plaque formation, but not for serum resistance. Thus, O-antigen synthesis and chain-length regulation genes encoded on both the chromosome and the small plasmid pHS-2 play important roles in S. flexneri invasion and virulence.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因表达的调控

催化内源性或外源性亲电子化合物与谷胱甘肽(GSH)结合的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)超基因家族是一族解毒功能蛋白.其基因的表达通过不同的机制受多种物质的调控.根据最近文献资料,对调控谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因表达的基因结构、调控机制及氧化应激对谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因表达的调控作用等作一简要综述.     

Identification of two homologs of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in retroperitoneal fibromatosis of different macaque species.

Simian retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) is a vascular fibroproliferative neoplasm which has many morphological and histological similarities to human Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Like epidemic KS in AIDS patients, RF is highly associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome (simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [SAIDS]) caused by a retrovirus infection. Recently, a new gammaherpesvirus, called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), has been identified in KS tumors, suggesting that KS has a viral etiology. Our previous experimental transmission studies and epidemiological data suggest that RF also has an infectious etiology. In order to determine whether a similar virus is also associated with RF, we have assayed for the presence of an unknown herpesvirus using degenerate PCR primers targeting the highly conserved DNA polymerase genes of the herpesvirus family. Here we provide DNA sequence evidence for two new herpesviruses closely related to KSHV from RF tissues of two macaque species, Macaca nemestrina and Macaca mulatta. Our data suggest that KSHV and the putative macaque herpesviruses define a new group within the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae whose members are implicated in the pathogenesis of KS and KS-like neoplasms in different primate species.     

粘虫颗粒体病毒的增效因子提高杆状病毒的感染

一株美洲粘虫GV(增效品系)在东方粘虫幼虫上进行增殖,所获粘虫GV(PuGv-Ps>对东方粘虫NPV(PsNPV)、棉铃虫NPV(HaNPV)和黄地老虎NPV(AsNPV)进行增效试验。 实验结果证明PuGV-Ps对三种NPV都有明显的增效作用, 其中以对PsNPV为最强,增效率达55%一85%;对HaNPV为30%-80%;而对AsNPV只有15%-35%。用凝胶过滤技术从PuGV-Ps中分离增效因子PusF-Ps,其对PsNPV和A,NPV的增效作用亦同样明显,250μg的PuSF-Ps可以提高PsNPV的感染能力达80%。经ScPhadcf-150柱(1.6X 90)和使用四种标准蛋白(细胞色素c、胃蛋白酶、牛血清清蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶)测得PuSF-Ps的分子量为160 000左右。     

薏苡胚乳传递细胞的超微结构

传粉后１０ ｄ,薏苡（Ｃｏｉｘ ｌａｃｒｙｍ ａ－ｊｏｂｉＬ．）颖果基部胚乳最外层传递细胞具长而多的壁内突,第二层细胞的壁内突较第一层的短而少,均具瓣裂的细胞核、丰富的线粒体、粗糙内质网、核糖体、产生小泡的高尔基体及与壁内突质膜相连的、含深色物质的囊泡。线粒体分布于壁内突附近或其间。授粉后２５ ｄ,第一、二层细胞壁内突发达,几乎充满了细胞,但细胞器可见。第四层传递细胞具树枝状及网状的壁内突,大量线粒体、具质体膜的淀粉粒、脂体存在壁内突附近或壁内突的间隙内。高尔基体常见,仅见很少的片段内质网。第五层传递细胞具短的壁内突、较大的淀粉粒及许多小蛋白质体。两个时期的第一、二层细胞内均未观察到胞间连丝。授粉后２５ ｄ,第四层及以上的传递细胞的细胞壁和呈网状的壁内突均含有胞间连丝。还讨论了各种细胞器的作用及各层传递细胞的功能     

玉米根ABA结合蛋白的亚细胞定位及动力学性质

以玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）根或胚芽鞘为材料,经匀浆、分级离心得到胞质部分和膜部分（微粒体）,进一步用６．２％ （Ｗ／Ｗ ） Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００ 和ＰＥＧ ３３５０ 两相系统制备质膜,用１％ 和８％ （Ｗ ／Ｗ） Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ７０ 梯度离心制备液泡膜． 电镜鉴定及多种标志酶检测表明,制备获得了高纯度正向型质膜和富含液泡膜的组分,其它内膜的污染很少． 用微量放射配体结合（ＭＲＬＢ）实验证明,玉米根微粒体的ＡＢＡ专一性结合位点主要分布在液泡膜和质膜上,这两种膜组分与ＡＢＡ 的特异结合活性分别为２４８５．４ ｆｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ 和１２５７．３ ｆｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｇ ｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ,玉米根段胞质部分结合活性最低（差一个数量级）．质膜上ＡＢＡ－ＢＰ与ＡＢＡ 的结合平衡解离常数（ＫＤ）为１．５７ ｎｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ．     

四川地区幼儿和学龄前儿童的鼻部测量

本文报告１１１６例四川地区幼儿和学龄前儿童（２－７岁）鼻部９项指标的测量均数,性差及年龄发育特点。性差：仅鼻凹鼻底距４－６．５岁等少数指标部分年龄段男女性间出现显著性划异（男＞女）。此外各项指标的绝大多数年龄段男女性间无显著性差异。年龄发育：９项测量指标中７项的生长曲线随年产长而上升,数值随年龄增大,并有１－２个发育高峰;提示鼻部发育具有阶段性;２项指标的曲线随年龄增长变化较小。４项指标男女性的曲     

河南新乡地区儿童头面部测量

本文对河南省新乡地区汉族儿童（４－１３岁）头面部进行了测量,比较和分析了儿童体质发育与年龄增长的关系,据儿童头面部各指数数值大小分型,确定该地区汉族儿童面部的形态为：圆头型、高头型、狭头型、狭面型、狭鼻型。     

氧化应激与cfos和cjun转录和AP－1激活

激活剂蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)是近年来受到关注的与氧化应激基因表达调控有关的转录因子.文章就氧化应激与cfos和cjun基因表达,AP-1的激活,AP-1对氧化应激反应的调控,AP-1与亲电子反应元件等有关内容作了简要的综述．