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排序方式: 共有124条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
71.
Chen P Guo AM Edwards PA Trick G Scicli AG 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2007,293(4):R1619-R1629
We studied whether angiotensin II (ANG II) via superoxide may contribute to retinal leukostasis and thus to the pathogenesis of retinopathies. We studied: 1) whether intravitreal ANG II induces retinal leukostasis that is altered by antioxidants or by apocynin, a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor and 2) whether retinal leukostasis induced by diabetes in rats is also altered by these treatments. Rats were injected intravitreally with ANG II (20 microg in 2 microl), and divided into the following three groups: 1) untreated; 2) treated with tempol doses ( approximately 3 mM/day) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC; approximately 1 g.kg(-1).day(-1)); and 3) treated with apocynin ( approximately 2 mM/day), both in the drinking water. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were similarly treated. Leukostasis was evaluated 48 h after ANG II or 2 wk after diabetes induction. ANG II increased retinal leukostasis from 0.3 +/- 0.5 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 leukocytes/ mm(2) (P < 0.01), and these changes were markedly decreased by treatment with tempol + NAC or apocynin, and also by a blocking antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor given intravitreally (P < 0.01). In addition, incubation of dihydroethidium-loaded retina sections with ANG II caused marked increase in superoxide formation. Compared with normal controls, retinal leukostasis in diabetic rats markedly increased from 0.2 +/- 0.3 to 3.8 +/- 0.1 leukocytes/mm(2) (P < 0.01). Diabetic retinal leukostasis was also decreased by treatment with tempol-NAC and normalized by apocynin. Thus increases in intravitreal ANG II can induce retinal leukostasis, which appears to be mediated via increasing superoxide generation by NAD(P)H oxidase, and by VEGF. The activity of NAD(P)H oxidase is required for leukostasis to occur in the diabetic retina. 相似文献
72.
Sujon Sarowar Syeda T. Alam Ragiba Makandar Hyeonju Lee Harold N. Trick Yanhong Dong Jyoti Shah 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2019,20(5):626-640
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of the floral tissues of wheat and barley for which highly resistant varieties are not available. Thus, there is a need to identify genes/mechanisms that can be targeted for the control of this devastating disease. Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of FHB in North America. In addition, it also causes Fusarium seedling blight. Fusarium graminearum can also cause disease in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis–F. graminearum pathosystem has facilitated the identification of targets for the control of disease caused by this fungus. Here, we show that resistance against F. graminearum can be enhanced by flg22, a bacterial microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). flg22-induced resistance in Arabidopsis requires its cognate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2, and is accompanied by the up-regulation of WRKY29. The expression of WRKY29, which is associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), is also induced in response to F. graminearum infection. Furthermore, WRKY29 is required for basal resistance as well as flg22-induced resistance to F. graminearum. Moreover, constitutive expression of WRKY29 in Arabidopsis enhances disease resistance. The PTI pathway is also activated in response to F. graminearum infection of wheat. Furthermore, flg22 application and ectopic expression of WRKY29 enhance FHB resistance in wheat. Thus, we conclude that the PTI pathway provides a target for the control of FHB in wheat. We further show that the ectopic expression of WRKY29 in wheat results in shorter stature and early heading time, traits that are important to wheat breeding. 相似文献
73.
Shavannor M. Smith Martin Steinau Harold N. Trick Scot H. Hulbert 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2010,283(6):591-602
Genes at the Rp1 rust resistance locus of maize confer race-specific resistance to the common rust fungus Puccinia sorghi. Three variant genes with nonspecific effects (HRp1 -Kr1N, -D*21 and -MD*19) were found to be generated by intragenic crossing over within the LRR region. The LRR region of most NBS-LRR encoding genes
is quite variable and codes for one of the regions in resistance gene proteins that controls specificity. Sequence comparisons
demonstrated that the Rp1-Kr1N recombinant gene was identical to the N-terminus of the rp1-kp2 gene and C-terminus of another gene from its HRp1-K grandparent. The Rp1-D*21 recombinant gene consists of the N-terminus of the rp1-dp2 gene and C-terminus of the Rp1-D gene from the parental haplotype. Similarly, a recombinant gene from the Rp1-MD*19 haplotype has the N-terminus of an rp1 gene from the HRp1-M parent and C-terminus of the rp1-D19 gene from the HRp1-D parent. The recombinant Rp1 -Kr1N, -D*21 and -MD*19 genes activated defense responses in the absence of their AVR proteins triggering HR (hypersensitive response) in the absence
of the pathogen. The results indicate that the frequent intragenic recombination events that occur in the Rp1 gene cluster not only recombine the genes into novel haplotypes, but also create genes with nonspecific effects. Some of
these may contribute to nonspecific quantitative resistance but others have severe consequences for the fitness of the plant. 相似文献
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76.
Andrei-Alin Popescu Andrea L. Harper Martin Trick Ian Bancroft Katharina T. Huber 《Genetics》2014,198(4):1421-1431
Population structure is a confounding factor in genome-wide association studies, increasing the rate of false positive associations. To correct for it, several model-based algorithms such as ADMIXTURE and STRUCTURE have been proposed. These tend to suffer from the fact that they have a considerable computational burden, limiting their applicability when used with large datasets, such as those produced by next generation sequencing techniques. To address this, nonmodel based approaches such as sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (sNMF) and EIGENSTRAT have been proposed, which scale better with larger data. Here we present a novel nonmodel-based approach, population structure inference using kernel-PCA and optimization (PSIKO), which is based on a unique combination of linear kernel-PCA and least-squares optimization and allows for the inference of admixture coefficients, principal components, and number of founder populations of a dataset. PSIKO has been compared against existing leading methods on a variety of simulation scenarios, as well as on real biological data. We found that in addition to producing results of the same quality as other tested methods, PSIKO scales extremely well with dataset size, being considerably (up to 30 times) faster for longer sequences than even state-of-the-art methods such as sNMF. PSIKO and accompanying manual are freely available at https://www.uea.ac.uk/computing/psiko. 相似文献
77.
Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinomas in Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus E6 transgenic mice during two-stage skin carcinogenesis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Helfrich I Chen M Schmidt R Fürstenberger G Kopp-Schneider A Trick D Gröne HJ Zur Hausen H Rösl F 《Journal of virology》2004,78(9):4797-4805
Papillomaviruses cause certain forms of human cancers, most notably carcinomas of the uterine cervix. In contrast to the well-established involvement of papillomavirus infection in the etiology of cervical carcinomas and in carcinomas of a rare hereditary condition, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, a causative role for cutaneous human papillomavirus types in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer has not been proven. In order to better understand the functions of individual genes of cutaneous papillomavirus types, we generated transgenic mice carrying oncogene E6 of the Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus (MnPV), which causes keratoacanthomas of the skin in its natural host. In the present study, we demonstrate that under conditions of experimental two-stage skin carcinogenesis, fast-paced squamous cell carcinomas develop in nearly 100% of MnPV E6 transgenic mice in comparison to 10% in their nontransgenic littermates (log rank test; P < 0.0001). Therefore, we conclude that the MnPV E6 transgene favors the malignant progression of chemically induced tumors. Whereas an activating H-ras mutation is a consistent feature in benign and malignant tumors in wild-type mice, the majority of papillomas and keratoacanthomas and all squamous cell carcinomas obtained in MnPV E6 transgenic mice contain nonmutated ras alleles. These results indicate that the development of squamous cell carcinomas in MnPV E6 transgenic mice does not depend on an activated H-ras oncogene. 相似文献
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79.
Early and reliable detection of plant transformation events is essential for establishing efficient transformation protocols. We have compared the effectiveness of using the gene encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a beta-glucuronidase (gus) as reporter genes for early detection of transgene expression in explants subjected to biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results indicate that gfp gene is superior to gus gene in following transgene expression in transiently transformed materials in both methods of transformation. Using GFP as the screenable marker, we have optimized sorghum transformation with respect to the conditions for transformation, type of explants, promoters, and inbreds. These optimized conditions have been used to obtain stably transformed explants for subsequent regeneration. 相似文献
80.
Dr. Charles G. Trick 《Current microbiology》1989,18(6):375-378
Siderophore (iron-binding chelator) production was examined in 30 strains of open ocean bacteria from the generaVibrio, Alteromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, andPhotobacterium. The results showed that hydroxamate-type siderophore production was widely distributed in various marine species, except for isolates ofAlteromonas macleodii andV. nereis. In all cases, the ability to produce siderophores was under the control of iron levels in the medium and satisfied the iron requirements of the siderophore bioassay organism. On the basis of chemical assay and bacterial bioassays, none of the examined isolates produced phenolate-type siderophores. Several isolates produces siderophores that were neither hydroxamatenor phenolate-type siderophores. Some strains such asAlteromonas communis produce siderophores that could be used by many other isolates. In contrast, the siderophore produced byAlcaligenes venustus had little cross-strain utilization. These findings suggest that the ability to produce siderophores may be common to open ocean bacteria. 相似文献