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171.
172.
Shabeesh Balan Kazuo Yamada Yoshimi Iwayama Tomoko Toyota Tetsuo Ohnishi Motoko Maekawa Manabu Toyoshima Yasuhide Iwata Katsuaki Suzuki Mitsuru Kikuchi Hiroshi Ujike Toshiya Inada Hiroshi Kunugi Norio Ozaki Nakao Iwata Shinichiro Nanko Tadafumi Kato Takeo Yoshikawa 《Gene》2013
The early growth response gene 2 (EGR2) has been recently reported to be associated with bipolar disorder in the Korean population. However replication studies in independent cohorts of same and different ethnicities are essential for establishing the credibility of a genotype–phenotype association. With this notion, in the present study we have performed a replication study of the reported association of SNPs in EGR2 in a case–control study comprising of 867 unrelated Japanese bipolar disorder patients and 895 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls. Results showed no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of EGR2 SNPs between bipolar disorder patients and controls and also in a sex-stratified genetic analysis. The haplotype and meta-analyses also showed no significant association with bipolar disorder. In conclusion, this is the first replication study of the previously reported association of EGR2 with bipolar disorder in a larger sample set and the results showed that the EGR2 gene is unlikely to contribute to the susceptibility of bipolar disorder in a Japanese cohort. 相似文献
173.
Haruo Sekizaki Kunihiko Itoh Eiko Toyota Kazutaka Tanizawa 《Journal of peptide science》2002,8(9):521-528
A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of oligopeptide amide using inverse substrates as acyl donors with amino acid amide instead of p-nitroanilide as acyl acceptor and trypsins of different origin (bovine, Streptomyces griseus and chum salmon trypsins) as the catalyst. The effectiveness of this procedure was demonstrated by the synthesis of a pentapeptide, Boc-[Leu5]-enkephalin amide, as a model compound. The method was the first enzymatic method shown to be successful at each successive coupling step for the synthesis of the oligopeptide. Bovine and chum salmon trypsins were superior to Streptomyces griseus trypsin as the catalyst. 相似文献
174.
Watanabe A Toyota T Owada Y Hayashi T Iwayama Y Matsumata M Ishitsuka Y Nakaya A Maekawa M Ohnishi T Arai R Sakurai K Yamada K Kondo H Hashimoto K Osumi N Yoshikawa T 《PLoS biology》2007,5(11):e297
Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) are a biological marker for schizophrenia. To unravel the mechanisms that control PPI, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis on 1,010 F2 mice derived by crossing C57BL/6 (B6) animals that show high PPI with C3H/He (C3) animals that show low PPI. We detected six major loci for PPI, six for the acoustic startle response, and four for latency to response peak, some of which were sex-dependent. A promising candidate on the Chromosome 10-QTL was Fabp7 (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain), a gene with functional links to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor and expression in astrocytes. Fabp7-deficient mice showed decreased PPI and a shortened startle response latency, typical of the QTL's proposed effects. A quantitative complementation test supported Fabp7 as a potential PPI-QTL gene, particularly in male mice. Disruption of Fabp7 attenuated neurogenesis in vivo. Human FABP7 showed altered expression in schizophrenic brains and genetic association with schizophrenia, which were both evident in males when samples were divided by sex. These results suggest that FABP7 plays a novel and crucial role, linking the NMDA, neurodevelopmental, and glial theories of schizophrenia pathology and the PPI endophenotype, with larger or overt effects in males. We also discuss the results from the perspective of fetal programming. 相似文献
175.
In this review, the authors provide evidences that imply
the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the
pathogenesis of diabetic complications, especially diabetic
polyneuropathy. Under chronic hyperglycemia, endogenous
TNF-α production is accelerated in microvascular and
neural tissues, which may undergo an increased microvascular
permeability, hypercoagulability, and nerve damage,
thus initiating and promoting the development of characteristic
lesions of diabetic microangiopathy and polyneuropathy.
Enhanced TNF-α production may also promote
atherosclerosis due to increased insulin resistance and the
expression of adhesion molecules. Clinical application of
specific agents that suppress production and/or activity
of TNF-α may inhibit the development and exacerbation
of chronic diabetic complications. 相似文献
176.
177.
178.
Synthesis of chiral compounds derived from salicylaldehyde and pyridoxal was carried out. In aqueous media containing copper ion, these compounds were analyzed to form Schiff base copper chelate spontaneously with α-amino acid. This complex formation process was reversed by the addition of EDTA. Applicabilities of the compounds to the resolution of α-amino acids are discussed. 相似文献
179.
Yoshinori Asakawa Keiko Takikawa Masao Toyota Tsunematsu Takemoto 《Phytochemistry》1982,21(10):2481-2490
Four novel prenyl bibenzyls, perrottetin A–D were isolated from the liverwort Radula perrottetii together with a new sesquiterpene phenol, ent-2, 3-dihydroxycuparene and a prenyl dihydrochalcone, and their structures were determined by spectral methods and chemical transformations. Further investigation of the French species R. complanata resulted in the isolation of four new bibenzyls, 3, 4′-dimethoxybibenzyl, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(2, 3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)bibenzyl, radulanin H and radulanolide. R. buccinifera was chemically close to R. complanata. The composition of bibenzyls found in R. perrottetii and R. oyamensis were different from that of the other Radula species referred to in the section Radula. Some prenyl bibenzyls showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus aureus (20 μg/ml). The allergenic activity of R. complanata is due to (+)-frullanolide from the liverwort Frullania dilatata which is intermingled in R. complanata. 相似文献
180.
Reinvestigation of a Japanese sample of the thalloid liverwort Conocephalum conicum afforded (+)-bornyl ferulate and bornyl 2 - methoxy - 4 - hydroxycinnamate together with (?) - limonene, (?) - β - sabinene, (+) - bicycloelemene, (+) - β - elemene, (?) - bicyclogermacrene, lunularin, and the two compounds, 1 - octen - 3 - ol and 1 - octen - 3 - yl acetate, responsible for the mushroom-like odour of the crushed thallus. The chirality of the compounds isolated is discussed. 相似文献