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71.
72.
Karlsen M Nylund A Watanabe K Helvik JV Nylund S Plarre H 《Environmental microbiology》2008,10(1):208-218
The phylum Chlamydiae contains obligate intracellular bacteria, several of which cause disease in their hosts. Morphological studies have suggested that this group of bacteria may be pathogens of fish, causing cysts in epithelial tissue – epitheliocystis. Recently, the first genetic evidence of a chlamydial aetiology of this disease in seawater reared Atlantic salmon from Norway and Ireland was presented, and the agent was given the name ' Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis'. In this article we present molecular evidence for the existence of a novel Chlamydiae that also may cause epitheliocystis in Norwegian salmonids. This novel Chlamydiae has been found in salmonid fish from freshwater, and based on its partial 16S rRNA gene, it may constitute a third genus in the family Chlamydiaceae , or a closely related sister family. By using whole-mount RNA–RNA hybridization we demonstrate how infected cells are distributed in a patchy manner on a gill arch. The morphology of the novel Chlamydiae includes the characteristic head-and-tail cells that have been described earlier from salmonid fish suffering from epitheliocystis. We propose the name ' Candidatus Clavochlamydia salmonicola' for this agent of epitheliocystis in freshwater salmonids. 相似文献
73.
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex has been implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DNA-PK is a heterotrimeric protein complex comprised of two components: a large catalytic subunit, Prkdc, with serine/threonine kinase activity and a DNA-targeting component, G22p1 and Xrcc5. In previous report, we showed that approximately 80% of the G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins were observed in the cytoplasm of rat fibroblasts, and that nuclear translocation of the proteins from the cytoplasm is important for the repair of DNA DSBs. In the present study, we showed that nuclear accumulation of the G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins was not observed in fibroblasts from a mutant strain of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat that has an enhanced radiosensitivity and a reduced level of repair of DSBs after X irradiation. Nuclear translocation of the proteins was observed in both LEC rat cells and control rat cells with normal radiosensitivity at 5 min after X irradiation. Although high levels of G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins were observed in the nuclei of control rat cells until 60 min postirradiation, the amounts of the proteins decreased rapidly in the nuclei of LEC rat cells in the first 10 min after X irradiation. These findings suggest that there are some defects in maintaining the levels of G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins in the nuclei of LEC rat cells. An analysis of fibroblasts from backcross rats showed that the deficiency in nuclear accumulation of G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins is genetically linked to enhanced radiosensitivity. Since the nucleotide sequences of the G22p1 and Xrcc5 genes of the LEC rats coincided with those of the control rats, the deficiency in nuclear accumulation may not be caused by mutations of the G22p1 and Xrcc5 proteins. 相似文献
74.
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aminopeptidase I (API), a vacuolar hydrolase, is selectively transported to the vacuole via the autophagosome. API forms a cytosol to vacuole targeting (Cvt) complex in the cytoplasm. The complex is engulfed by the autophagosome under starvation conditions. In this study, the Cvt complex is visualized as a dot in the cytoplasm by fluorescence microscopy with API-GFP. The Cvt complex associates with the preautophagosomal structure (PAS), which plays a central role in autophagosome formation. In a Deltacvt19 mutant, which is specifically defective in API transport, but not in autophagy, the Cvt complex forms normally but never associates with the PAS. This indicates that Cvt19p mediates association between the Cvt complex and the PAS. 相似文献
75.
Sekino T Kiyokawa N Taguchi T Takenouchi H Matsui J Tang WR Suzuki T Nakajima H Saito M Ohmi K Katagiri YU Okita H Nakao H Takeda T Fujimoto J 《Microbiology and immunology》2004,48(5):377-387
Shiga toxins (Stxs, also referred to as verotoxins) were first described as a novel cytotoxic activity against Vero cells. In this study, we report the characterization of an Stx1-resistant (R-) stock of Vero cells. (1) When the susceptibility of R-Vero cells to Stx1 cytotoxicity was compared to that of Stx1-sensitive (S-) Vero cells by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell viability after 48-hr exposure to 10 pg/ml of Stx1 was greater than 80% and less than 15%, respectively. (2) Although both a binding assay of fluorescence-labeled Stx1 and lipid analysis indicated considerable expression of Gb3Cer, a functional receptor for Stxs, in both Vero cells, anti-Gb3Cer monoclonal antibodies capable of binding to S-Vero cells failed to effectively label R-Vero cells, suggesting a conformational difference in the Gb3Cer expressed on R-Vero cells. (3) The lipid analysis also showed that the R-Vero cells contained significant amounts of Gb4Cer. In addition, introduction of exogenous Gb4Cer into S-Vero cells slightly inhibited Stx1 cytotoxicity, suggesting some correlation between glycosphingolipid composition and Stx1 resistance. (4) Both butyrate treatment and serum depression eliminated the Stx1 resistance of R-Vero cells. (5) The results of the analysis by confocal microscopy suggest a difference in intracellular transport of Stx1 between R-Vero and S-Vero cells. Further study of R-Vero cells may provide a model of Stx1 resistance via distinct intracellular transport of Stx1. 相似文献
76.
Variable Surface Glycoprotein RoTat 1.2 PCR as a specific diagnostic tool for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi infections 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Claes F Radwanska M Urakawa T Majiwa PA Goddeeris B Büscher P 《Kinetoplastid biology and disease》2004,3(1):3
Background
Based on the recently sequenced gene coding for the Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) RoTat 1.2 Variable Surface Glycoprotein (VSG), a primer pair was designed targeting the DNA region lacking homology to other known VSG genes. A total of 39 different trypanosome stocks were tested using the RoTat 1.2 based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 相似文献77.
Masanobu Hayashi Sayaka Fuse Daiji Endoh Noboru Horiguchi Kenji Nakayama Yasuhiro Kon Toyo Okui 《Experimental Animals》2006,55(5):419-426
Copper accumulation and induction of DNA strand breaks were investigated in the brain of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model for human Wilson disease that is a heritable disease of copper accumulation and copper toxicity in the liver, kidney and brain. Copper contents in the brain of LEC rats increased from 20 weeks of age and were approximately 3.5 to 6 folds higher than those in the brain of WKAH rats at 24 weeks of age. Hepatic copper contents in LEC rats increased from 4 to 12 weeks of age in an age-dependent manner, and then decreased from 16 to 20 weeks of age. Thus, we consider that copper accumulated in the liver was released from severely damaged hepatocytes and deposited in the brain, although copper contents in the brain were 1/20-fold lower than those in the liver. We also evaluated the amounts of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in the brain by comet analysis. The proportions of nuclei in the cerebrum and cerebellum without DNA damage decreased, and nuclei with severe DNA damage appeared in LEC rats at 24 weeks of age. The comet scores of cerebrum and cerebellum cells significantly increased in LEC rats and were significantly higher than those in WKAH rats at 24 weeks of age. The results show that SSBs in LEC rat brain cells are induced at a lower concentration of copper than are SSBs in hepatic cells. 相似文献
78.
Tetsuya Saga Toyo Kaiya Shoji Asano Kohfuku Kohda 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(1-3):219-233
Abstract Amination of adenine with H2N-O-SO3H in alkaline media afforded 1-, 3-, 7-and 9-aminoadenine isomers at a ratio of about 1:1:3:1. In neutral media, the product ratio of the isomers changed to about 3:1:1:0. These results were different from the regioselectivity obtained by methylation of adenine with dimethyl sulfate under similar conditions. Amination of adenine with dinitrophenoxyamine in DMF gave 1-aminoadenine as the main product and this regioselectivity was also different from that of methylation with cH3I. Chemical characteristics of these N-amino adenines are described. 相似文献
79.
Junko Nishiyama Toyo Kuninori Hiroshi Matsumoto Atsushi Hyono 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):1953-1958
The interaction of protein with lipid in wheat gluten has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). The gluten in the flour suspension was spin-labeled with a fatty acid spin label (N-oxyl-4,4'-dimethyloxazolidine derivative of 5-ketostearic acid) and washed out from the flour. The ESR spectra of the spin label incorporated in gluten exhibited clearly separated parallel and perpendicular hyperfine splittings. The orientation of the gluten lipid and its fluidity showed temperature dependence. Phase transition was observed at 25°C. Compared with gluten, vesicles of the lipids extracted from flour were found to be in a less oriented, highly fluid state, and with much lower activation energy for rotational viscosity, while the reconstituted gluten, which was prepared by mixing purified gluten protein and the extracted lipids, had a lipid environment similar to that of gluten. The results indicate that the lipid was immobilized in the gluten matrix by strong interaction with protein. 相似文献
80.
Andreas Steigen Are Nylund Egil Karlsbakk Peter Akoll Ingrid U. Fiksdal Stian Nylund Robinson Odong Heidrun Plarre Ronald Semyalo Cecilie Sk?r Kuninori Watanabe 《PloS one》2013,8(6)