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161.
Ikuko Fujiwara Shuichi Takeda Toshiro Oda Hajime Honda Akihiro Narita Yuichiro Maéda 《Biophysical reviews》2018,10(6):1513-1519
Polymerization induces hydrolysis of ATP bound to actin, followed by γ-phosphate release, which helps advance the disassembly of actin filaments into ADP-G-actin. Mechanical understanding of this correlation between actin assembly and ATP hydrolysis has been an object of intensive studies in biochemistry and structural biology for many decades. Although actin polymerization and depolymerization occur only at either the barbed or pointed ends and the kinetic and equilibrium properties are substantially different from each other, characterizing their properties is difficult to do by bulk assays, as these assays report the average of all actin filaments in solution and are therefore not able to discern the properties of individual actin filaments. Biochemical studies of actin polymerization and hydrolysis were hampered by these inherent properties of actin filaments. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy overcame this problem by observing single actin filaments. With TIRF, we now know not only that each end has distinct properties, but also that the rate of γ-phosphate release is much faster from the terminals than from the interior of actin filaments. The rate of γ-phosphate release from actin filament ends is even more accelerated when latrunculin A is bound. These findings highlight the importance of resolving structural differences between actin molecules in the interior of the filament and those at either filament end. This review provides a history of observing actin filaments under light microscopy, an overview of dynamic properties of ATP hydrolysis at the end of actin filament, and structural views of γ-phosphate release. 相似文献
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Yasuo Kagawa Toshiro Hamamoto Hitoshi Endo Masaru Ichida Hirobumi Shibui Morisada Hayakawa 《Bioscience reports》1997,17(2):115-146
The reaction of ATP synthase (F0F1) is the final step in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although OXPHOS has been studied extensively in bacteria, no tissue-specific functions nor bioenergetic disease, such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and aging occur in these organisms. Recent developments of the Human Genome Project will become an important factor in the study of mammalian bioenergetics. To elucidate the physiological roles of human F0F1, genes encoding the subunits of F0F1 were sequenced, and their expression in human cells was analyzed. The following results were obtained: A. The roles of the residues in F0F1 are not only to transform the energy of the electrochemical potential (H+) across the membrane, but also to respond rapidly to the changes in the energy demand by regulating the intramolecular rotation of F0F1 with the H+ and the inhibitors of the ATPase. B. The roles of the control regions of the F0F1 genes, are to coordinate both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) depending on the energy demand of the cells, especially in muscle. C. The cause of the age-dependent decline of ATP synthesis has been attributed to the accumulation of mutations in mtDNA. However, the involvement of nDNA in the decline is also important because of telomere shortening in somatic cells, and age-dependent mtDNA expression analyzed with ° cells (cells without mtDNA). 相似文献
164.
Takashi Kurasawa Katsutoshi Takada Naohito Ohno Toshiro Yadomae 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1996,13(4):293-301
Abstract We have demonstrated that egg-white lysozyme (EW-LZM) bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reduced the lethal toxicity and the biological activity of LPS. In this study, the interaction of LPS with murine lysozyme (M-LZM) and the modulation of biological activities were investigated. M-LZM was prepared from the culture supernatant of the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographies and dialysis. Two types of M-LZM, murine M lysozyme (MM-LZM) and murine P lysozyme (MP-LZM), were purified from the supernatant. The enzymatic activities of both MM-LZM and MP-LZM were inhibited by LPS and their effects were affected by the temperature and the ionic strength. TNF-α production from RAW264.7 by LPS was inhibited by mixing with MM-LZM and MP-LZM. MP-LZM inhibited TNF-α production stronger than MM-LZM. Considering these facts, we suggested that M-LZM, like EW-LZM, make a complex with LPS to reduce the toxicity of LPS together with inhibiting the enzymatic activity. 相似文献
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166.
Transcriptional and morphological changes in the transition from mycetophagous to phytophagous phase in the plant‐parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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168.
Tatsuhito Matsuo Toshiaki Arata Toshiro Oda Kenji Nakajima Seiko Ohira-Kawamura Tatsuya Kikuchi Satoru Fujiwara 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2016
Hydration water is essential for a protein to perform its biological function properly. In this study, the dynamics of hydration water around F-actin and myosin subfragment-1 (S1), which are the partner proteins playing a major role in various cellular functions related to cell motility including muscle contraction, was characterized by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The QENS measurements on the D2O- and H2O-solution samples of F-actin and S1 provided the spectra of hydration water, from which the translational diffusion coefficient (DT), the residence time (τT), and the rotational correlation time (τR) were evaluated. The DT value of the hydration water of S1 was found to be much smaller than that of the hydration water of F-actin while the τT values were similar between S1 and F-actin. On the other hand, the τR values of the hydration water of S1 was found to be larger than that of the hydration water of F-actin. It was also found that the DT and τR values of the hydration water of F-actin are similar to those of bulk water. These results suggest a significant difference in mobility of the hydration water between S1 and F-actin: S1 has the typical hydration water, the mobility of which is reduced compared with that of bulk water, while F-actin has the unique hydration water, the mobility of which is close to that of bulk water rather than the typical hydration water around proteins. 相似文献
169.
170.