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181.
Shuichi Nagashima Hiroaki Yagyu Ryuichi Tozawa Fumiko Tazoe Manabu Takahashi Tetsuya Kitamine Daisuke Yamamuro Kent Sakai Motohiro Sekiya Hiroaki Okazaki Jun-ichi Osuga Akira Honda Shun Ishibashi 《Journal of lipid research》2015,56(5):998-1005
Squalene synthase (SS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of squalene, the first specific intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. To test the feasibility of lowering plasma cholesterol by inhibiting hepatic SS, we generated mice in which SS is specifically knocked out in the liver (L-SSKO) using Cre-loxP technology. Hepatic SS activity of L-SSKO mice was reduced by >90%. In addition, cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver slices was almost eliminated. Although the hepatic squalene contents were markedly reduced in L-SSKO mice, the hepatic contents of cholesterol and its precursors distal to squalene were indistinguishable from those of control mice, indicating the presence of sufficient centripetal flow of cholesterol and/or its precursors from the extrahepatic tissues. L-SSKO mice showed a transient liver dysfunction with moderate hepatomegaly presumably secondary to increased farnesol production. In a fed state, the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced in L-SSKO mice, primarily owing to reduced hepatic VLDL secretion. In a fasted state, the hypolipidemic effect was lost. mRNA expression of liver X receptor α target genes was reduced, while that of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 target genes was increased. In conclusion, liver-specific ablation of SS inhibits hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and induces hypolipidemia without increasing significant mortality. 相似文献
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183.
We examined CH/π hydrogen bonds using an ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, combined with the CHPI program, to evaluate complexes of active (bound with agonist 1) and inactive (bound with inverse agonist 2) β2 adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) states. In both states, we found that CH/π hydrogen bonds were present. Subtle changes in the binding pocket between the active and inactive states of β(2)AR were observed. Comparison of the CH/π networks in both states suggests that the networks differ at the β(2)AR core. Recombination of the CH/π hydrogen bonds occurred during conversion between the two states. We suggest that CH/π hydrogen bonds play a key role in ligand recognition and conversion between the active and inactive states. 相似文献
184.
Ishiuchi K Kubota T Ishiyama H Hayashi S Shibata T Mori K Obara Y Nakahata N Kobayashi J 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2011,19(2):749-753
Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, lyconadins D (1) and E (2), and complanadine E (3), were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium complanatum. Lyconadin D (1) was the first example of fastigiatine-type alkaloid isolated from Lycopodium complanatum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Complanadine E (3) enhanced mRNA expression for NGF. 相似文献
185.
Morita H Zaima K Koga I Saito A Tamamoto H Okazaki H Kaneda T Hashimoto T Asakawa Y 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2011,19(13):4051-4056
Vasorelaxant effects of a series of bis(bibenzyls) from liverworts such as Marchantia polymorpha and Marchantia paleacea on rat aorta demonstrated that they relaxed phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions, which may be mediated through the increased release of NO from endothelial cells as well as opening of K(+) channels, and inhibition of Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCs) and/or receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels (ROCs). Structure-activity relationship based on their structures was discussed. The presence of two aromatic rings which can be connected through two atoms bridge spacer may play an important role for vasorelaxant effect. 相似文献
186.
Okazaki M Nimitkeatkai H Muramatsu T Aoyama H Ueno K Mizutani M Hirai N Kondo S Ohnishi T Todoroki Y 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2011,19(1):406-413
We developed abscinazole-E1 (Abz-E1), a specific inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-hydroxylase (CYP707A). This inhibitor was designed and synthesized as an enlarged analogue of uniconazole (UNI), a well-known plant growth retardant, which inhibits a gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme (ent-kaurene oxidase, CYP701A) as well as CYP707A. Our results showed that Abz-E1 functions as a potent inhibitor of CYP707A and a poor inhibitor of CYP701A both in vitro and in vivo. Abz-E1 application to plants resulted in improved desiccation tolerance and an increase in endogenous ABA. 相似文献
187.
188.
Genomic insights into the origin of parasitism in the emerging plant pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
189.
190.
Chow S Jeffs A Miyake Y Konishi K Okazaki M Suzuki N Abdullah MF Imai H Wakabayasi T Sakai M 《PloS one》2011,6(12):e29280
The pronghorn spiny lobster, Panulirus penicillatus, is a circumtropical species which has the widest global distribution among all the species of spiny lobster, ranging throughout the entire Indo-Pacific region. Partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA COI (1,142-1,207 bp) and 16S rDNA (535-546 bp) regions were determined for adult and phyllosoma larval samples collected from the Eastern Pacific (EP)(Galápagos Islands and its adjacent water), Central Pacific (CP)(Hawaii and Tuamotu) and the Western Pacific (WP)(Japan, Indonesia, Fiji, New Caledonia and Australia). Phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinct large clades corresponding to the geographic origin of samples (EP and CP+WP). No haplotype was shared between the two regional samples, and average nucleotide sequence divergence (Kimura's two parameter distance) between EP and CP+WP samples was 3.8±0.5% for COI and 1.0±0.4% for 16S rDNA, both of which were much larger than those within samples. The present results indicate that the Pacific population of the pronghorn spiny lobster is subdivided into two distinct populations (Eastern Pacific and Central to Western Pacific), with no gene flow between them. Although the pronghorn spiny lobster have long-lived teleplanic larvae, the vast expanse of Pacific Ocean with no islands and no shallow substrate which is known as the East Pacific Barrier appears to have isolated these two populations for a long time (c.a. 1MY). 相似文献