Localization effects of acetylcholine release from a synaptic vesicle at the neuromuscular junction.

A two-dimensional compartment model devised for the appropriate representation of the transient process of the spontaneous generation of miniature endplate current (MEPC) at the neuromuscular junction is applied for clarifying the biochemical significance of the quantal release mechanism of acetylcholine (ACh), a typical neurotransmitter, in the synaptic chemical transmission process. The simulation analysis with the model demonstrates that the localization of the ACh release due to the fusion of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane has significant effects on the amplitude of MEPC and that the stronger effects are caused with the smaller diffusion coefficients of ACh in the cleft. The sharpest and highest response of MEPC is achieved when the release area is about 4 times to the natural release through the narrow pore. On the other hand, the actual localization corresponding to the natural release of ACh makes the amplitude of MEPC higher by a factor about 2.5 compared with that in the most extended release of ACh examined, implying that the natural release mechanism works as an amplifier of the MEPC with the fixed amount of ACh available.