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611.
The Arabidopsis Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase PIP5K3 is a key regulator of root hair tip growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kusano H Testerink C Vermeer JE Tsuge T Shimada H Oka A Munnik T Aoyama T 《The Plant cell》2008,20(2):367-380
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] functions as a site-specific signal on membranes to promote cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane trafficking. Localization of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to apices of growing root hairs and pollen tubes suggests that it plays an important role in tip growth. However, its regulation and mode of action remain unclear. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana PIP5K3 (for Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase 3) encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, a key enzyme producing PtdIns(4,5)P2, that is preferentially expressed in growing root hairs. T-DNA insertion mutations that substantially reduced the expression of PIP5K3 caused significantly shorter root hairs than in the wild type. By contrast, overexpression caused longer root hairs and multiple protruding sites on a single trichoblast. A yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion of PIP5K3, driven by the PIP5K3 promoter, complemented the short-root-hair phenotype. PIP5K3-YFP localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic space of elongating root hair apices, to growing root hair bulges, and, notably, to sites about to form root hair bulges. The signal was greatest in rapidly growing root hairs and quickly disappeared when elongation ceased. These results provide evidence that PIP5K3 is involved in localizing PtdIns(4,5)P2 to the elongating root hair apex and is a key regulator of the machinery that initiates and promotes root hair tip growth. 相似文献
612.
Tateda C Ozaki R Onodera Y Takahashi Y Yamaguchi K Berberich T Koizumi N Kusano T 《Journal of plant research》2008,121(6):603-611
613.
Kusano S Kukimoto-Niino M Akasaka R Toyama M Terada T Shirouzu M Shindo T Yokoyama S 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2008,17(11):1907-1914
Receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 forms a heterodimer with calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and regulates its transport to the cell surface. The CRLR.RAMP1 heterodimer functions as a specific receptor for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we report the crystal structure of the human RAMP1 extracellular domain. The RAMP1 structure is a three-helix bundle that is stabilized by three disulfide bonds. The RAMP1 residues important for cell-surface expression of the CRLR.RAMP1 heterodimer are clustered to form a hydrophobic patch on the molecular surface. The hydrophobic patch is located near the tryptophan residue essential for binding of the CGRP antagonist, BIBN4096BS. These results suggest that the hydrophobic patch participates in the interaction with CRLR and the formation of the ligand-binding pocket when it forms the CRLR.RAMP1 heterodimer. 相似文献
614.
Embryogenic calli were induced from leaf explants of coffee (Coffea canephora) on McCown's woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 5 μM N6–(2-isopentenyl)-adenosine (2-iP). These calli were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 harboring pIG121-Hm, containing β-glucuronidase (GUS), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT), and neomycin phosphotransferase
II genes. Selection of putative transgenic callus was performed by gradual increase in hygromycin concentration (5, 50, 100 mg/l).
The embryogenic calli surviving on medium containing 100 mg/l hygromycin showed a strong GUS-positive reaction with X-Gluc
solution. Somatic embryos were formed from these putative transgenic calli and germinated on WPM medium with 5 μM 2-iP. Regenerated
small plantlets with shoots and roots were transferred to medium containing both 100 mg/l hygromycin and 100 mg/l kanamycin
for final selection of transgenic plants. The selected plantlets exhibited strong GUS activity in leaves and roots as indicated
by a deep blue color. GUS and HPT genes were confirmed to be stably integrated into the genome of the coffee plants by the
polymerase chain reaction.
Received: 14 December 1998 / Revision received: 12 March 1999 / Accepted: 24 March 1999 相似文献
615.
Shiro Okuno Takeshi K. Watanabe Toshihide Ono Yuki Yamasaki Yoshihiro Goto Hideo Miyao Toshihiro Asai Naohide Kanemoto Keiko Oga Ayako Mizoguchi-Miyakita Toshihisa Takagi Ei-ichi Takahashi Yusuke Nakamura Akira Tanigami 《Genomics》1999,62(3):350
Altered lipid metabolism is closely associated with diabetes in humans, although predisposing genetic factors that affect hyperlipidemia have not yet been clarified. Our previously established OLETF strain is an obese rat model of type II diabetes, exhibiting hypertriglycemia as well as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and abundant abdominal fat. To identify genetic factors responsible for dyslipidemic phenotypes in OLETF rats, we performed a whole-genome scan using 293 male (OLETF × BN) × OLETF backcross rats. Our analysis identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs), on rat chromosomes 1 and 8, that are related to fasting triglyceride levels. The chromosome 1 QTL colocalized with Dmo1 (diabetes mellitus, OLETF type 1), a locus previously shown to associate strongly with both fat levels and body weight. The other significant QTL localizes to the chromosome 8 marker D8Mit2, in a region where several apo-lipoprotein genes are clustered. 相似文献
616.
Takeshi K. Watanabe Shiro Okuno Keiko Oga Ayako Mizoguchi-Miyakita Atsushi Tsuji Yuki Yamasaki Haretsugu Hishigaki Naohide Kanemoto Toshihisa Takagi Ei-ichi Takahashi Yasuo Irie Yusuke Nakamura Akira Tanigami 《Genomics》1999,58(3):233
To identify genetic determinants relevant to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we performed a genome-wide analysis for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using 359 backcross progeny of the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. The OLETF strain is a well-studied animal model of obese NIDDM, with features of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and abundant abdominal fat. Our extensive genomic scanning with 218 markers revealed nine significant QTLs, including a strong determinant of obesity on chromosome 1 (Dmo1: LOD = 13.99, for body weight). Two highly significant QTLs for glucose homeostasis were found, one on chromosome 1 (Dmo4 LOD = 7.16, for postprandial glucose level) and the other on chromosome X (Dmo11/Odb1: LOD = 7.81, for postprandial glucose level). These data are comparable to results of our previous studies of the OLETF rat. 相似文献
617.
618.
A beta-glucuronidase purified from a commercial pectolytic enzyme preparation of Aspergillus niger hydrolyzed about half of the 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid (4-Me-GlcA) residues located at the nonreducing terminals of (1-->6)-linked beta-galactosyl side chains of the carbohydrate portion of a radish arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) modified by treatment with fungal alpha-L-arabinosidase. Digestion of the alpha-L-arabinosidase-treated AGP with exo-beta-(1-->3)-galactanase released, by exo-fission of beta-(1-->3)-galactosidic bonds in the backbone chains of the AGP, neutral beta-(1-->6)-galactooligosaccharides with various chain lengths and their acidic derivatives substituted at their nonreducing terminals with 4-Me-beta-GlcA groups. In contrast, successive digestion of the alpha-L-arabinosidase-treated AGP with beta-glucuronidase followed by exo-beta-(1-->3)-galactanase liberated much higher amounts of beta-(1-->6)-galactooligomers together with a small portion of short acidic oligomers, mainly 4-Me-beta-GlcA-(1-->6)-Gal and 4-Me-beta-GlcA-(1-->6)-beta-Gal-(1-->6)-Gal. These results indicate that beta-glucuronidase acts upon 4-Me-beta-GlcA residues in long (1-->6)-linked beta-galactosyl side chains of the AGP, whereas short acidic side chains survive the attack of the enzyme. 相似文献
619.
Molecular cloning of a {beta}-galactosidase from radish that specifically hydrolyzes {beta}-(1->3)- and {beta}-(1->6)-galactosyl residues of Arabinogalactan protein
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Kotake T Dina S Konishi T Kaneko S Igarashi K Samejima M Watanabe Y Kimura K Tsumuraya Y 《Plant physiology》2005,138(3):1563-1576
620.