全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1576篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
1649篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 110篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 67篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 114篇 |
2006年 | 90篇 |
2005年 | 120篇 |
2004年 | 97篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 89篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1649条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Some nematodes from eels (Anguilliformes: Anguillidae) in Japan,with descriptions of two new species
Systematic Parasitology - Recent occasional examinations of two species of eels (Anguilliformes: Anguillidae) in Japan, the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel from central... 相似文献
32.
Raju Bheemanahalli Somayanda M. Impa Inga Krassovskaya Amaranatha R. Vennapusa Kulvinder S. Gill Toshihiro Obata S.V. Krishna Jagadish 《Physiologia plantarum》2020,169(4):501-514
Unraveling the metabolic and phytohormonal changes in anthers exposed to heat stress would help identify mechanisms regulating heat stress tolerance during the sensitive reproductive stage. Two spring wheat genotypes contrasting for heat tolerance were exposed to heat stress during heading in controlled environment chambers. Anthers were collected from main and primary spikes for metabolic and phytohormonal profiling. A significant reduction in seed set (38%), grain number (54%) and grain weight (52%) per plant was recorded in the sensitive (KSG1177) but not in the tolerant (KSG1214) genotype under heat stress compared to control. Anther metabolite accumulation did not vary quantitatively between main and primary spikes. Hierarchical clustering of the genotypes and treatments using metabolites and phytohormones revealed a distinct cluster for KSG1177 under heat stress from that of control and KSG1214. A significant increase in N-based amino acids, ABA, IAA-conjugate and a decrease in polyamines and organic acids were observed in wheat anthers exposed to heat stress. Unlike KSG1214, a significantly higher accumulation of amino acids, ABA and IAA-conjugate in anthers of the sensitive KSG1177 was recorded under heat stress. These findings provide the rationale and direction towards developing molecular markers for enhancing heat stress tolerance in wheat. 相似文献
33.
Taichi Nakatani Mitsuhiro Iwasaki Atsuhiro Yamamichi Yuta Yoshioka Toshihiro Uesaka Yuko Bitoh Kosaku Maeda Takumi Fukumoto Tatsuya Takemoto Hideki Enomoto 《Development, growth & differentiation》2020,62(4):214-222
Missense mutations of the RET gene have been identified in both multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A/B and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR: congenital absence of the enteric nervous system, ENS). Current consensus holds that MEN2A/B and HSCR are caused by activating and inactivating RET mutations, respectively. However, the biological significance of RET missense mutations in vivo has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we introduced one MEN2B-associated (M918T) and two HSCR-associated (N394K and Y791F) RET missense mutations into the corresponding regions of the mouse Ret gene by genome editing (RetM919T, RetN396K and RetY792F) and performed histological examinations of Ret-expressing tissues to understand the pathogenetic impact of each mutant in vivo. RetM919T/+ mice displayed MEN2B-related phenotypes, including C-cell hyperplasia and abnormal enlargement of the primary sympathetic ganglia. Similar sympathetic phenotype was observed in RetM919T/- mice, demonstrating a strong pathogenetic effect of the Ret M918T by a single-allele expression. In contrast, no abnormality was found in the ENS of mice harboring the Ret N394K or Y791F mutation. Most surprisingly, single-allele expression of RET N394K or Y791F was sufficient for normal ENS development, indicating that these RET mutants exert largely physiological function in vivo. This study reveals contrasting pathogenetic effects between MEN2B- and HSCR-associated RET missense mutations, and suggests that some of HSCR-associated RET missense mutations are by themselves neither inactivating nor pathogenetic and require involvement of other gene mutations for disease expressivity. 相似文献
34.
35.
Toshihiro Aoki Ikumi Hyohdoh Noriyuki Furuichi Sawako Ozawa Fumio Watanabe Masayuki Matsushita Masahiro Sakaitani Kazutomo Ori Kenji Takanashi Naoki Harada Yasushi Tomii Mitsuyasu Tabo Kiyoshi Yoshinari Yuko Aoki Nobuo Shimma Hitoshi Iikura 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(23):6223-6227
Introducing a sulfamide moiety to our coumarin derivatives afforded enhanced Raf/MEK inhibitory activity concomitantly with an acceptable PK profile. Novel sulfamide 17 showed potent HCT116 cell growth inhibition (IC50 = 8 nM) and good PK profile (bioavailability of 51% in mouse), resulting in high in vivo antitumor efficacy in the HCT116 xenograft (ED50 = 4.8 mg/kg). We confirmed the sulfamide moiety showed no negative impact on tests run on the compound to evaluate DMPK (PK profiles in three animal species, CYP inhibition and CYP induction) and the safety profile (hERG and AMES tests). Sulfamide 17 had favorable properties that warranted further preclinical assessment 相似文献
36.
Toshihiro Miyazaki Masako Mori Carolina A. Yoshida Chizuru Ito Kenji Yamatoya Takeshi Moriishi Yosuke Kawai Hisato Komori Tetsuya Kawane Shin-ichi Izumi Kiyotaka Toshimori Toshihisa Komori 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2013,139(2):339-354
Galnt3 belongs to the GalNAc transferase gene family involved in the initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation. Male Galnt3-deficient (Galnt3 ?/?) mice were infertile, as previously reported by Ichikawa et al. (2009). To investigate the involvement of Galnt3 in spermatogenesis, we examined the differentiation of germ cells in Galnt3 ?/? mice. Galnt3 mRNA was most highly expressed in testis, and Galnt3 protein was localized in the cis-medial parts of the Golgi stacks of spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. Spermatozoa in Galnt3 ?/? mice were rare and immotile, and most of them had deformed round heads. They exhibited abnormal acrosome and disturbed mitochondria arrangement in the flagella. At the cap phase, proacrosomal vesicles of various sizes, which had not coalesced to form a single acrosomal vesicle, were attached to the nucleus in Galnt3 ?/? mice. TUNEL-positive cells were increased in the seminiferous tubules. The binding of VVA lectin, which recognizes the Tn antigen (GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr), in the acrosomal regions of spermatids and spermatozoa in Galnt3 ?/? mice was drastically reduced. Equatorin is a N, O-sialoglycoprotein localized in the acrosomal membrane and is suggested to be involved in sperm–egg interaction. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses showed a drastic reduction in the reactivity with MN9 antibody, which recognizes the O-glycosylated moiety of equatorin and inhibits sperm–egg interaction. These findings indicate that deficiency of Galnt3 results in a severe reduction of mucin-type O-glycans in spermatids and causes impaired acrosome formation, leading to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and suggest that Galnt3 may also be involved in the process of fertilization through the O-glycosylation of equatorin. 相似文献
37.
Janelle R. Walton Heather A. Frey Dale D. Vandre Jesse J. Kwiek Tomoko Ishikawa Toshihiro Takizawa John M. Robinson William E. Ackerman IV 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2013,139(3):487-500
A proteomics survey of human placental syncytiotrophoblast (ST) apical plasma membranes revealed peptides corresponding to flotillin-1 (FLOT1) and flotillin-2 (FLOT2). The flotillins belong to a class of lipid microdomain-associated integral membrane proteins that have been implicated in clathrin- and caveolar-independent endocytosis. In the present study, we characterized the expression of the flotillin proteins within the human placenta. FLOT1 and FLOT2 were coexpressed in placental lysates and BeWo human trophoblast cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy of first-trimester and term placentas revealed that both proteins were more prominent in villous endothelial cells and cytotrophoblasts (CTs) than the ST. Correspondingly, forskolin-induced fusion in BeWo cells resulted in a decrease in FLOT1 and FLOT2, suggesting that flotillin protein expression is reduced following trophoblast syncytialization. The flotillin proteins co-localized with a marker of fluid-phase pinocytosis, and knockdown of FLOT1 and/or FLOT2 expression resulted in decreased endocytosis of cholera toxin B subunit. We conclude that FLOT1 and FLOT2 are abundantly coexpressed in term villous placental CTs and endothelial cells, and in comparison, expression of these proteins in the ST is reduced. These findings suggest that flotillin-dependent endocytosis is unlikely to be a major pathway in the ST, but may be important in the CT and endothelium. 相似文献
38.
Hiroki Murakami Toshihiro Miyoshi Michiko Koga Koji Yamada Hirohisa Omura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):795-801
Strand breakages of mammalian cellular chromosomal DNA with aromatic reductones were ascertained by use of a cultured cell strain of the rat fetal lung (RFL). The mode of the breakages was investigated by ultracentrifugal analyses. The reductones induced the breakages of the cellular DNA in two different fashions; one is single strand breaks and another double strand breaks. Although the single strand breaks were rapidly repaired, double strand breaks were only partially repaired. Both breaks were not cytocidal. Some physiological alterations were observed to follow the strand breaks. 相似文献
39.
Yoshimoto Tadashi Nakanishi Toshihiro Fukumoto Juichiro Tsuru Daisuke 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):1775-1782
About 100 soil samples were subjected to screening for microorganisms which were capable of producing lytic enzyme toward Staphylococcus aureus. A strain belonging to Streptomyces was isolated and found to produce lytic enzyme(s) noninduciblly, when grown aerobically at 37°C for 25 hr in a medium containing 7.5% soybean cake extract, 2% dextrin, 0.6% K2HPO4, 0.02% each of MgSO4·7H2O and KCl, pH 7.0. The crude enzyme preparation was active at pH values of 8.5 and 5.8 toward S. aureus, B. subtilis, L. bulgaricus and Str. faecalis but was completely inert against M. lysodeikticus, indicating the enzyme(s) to be distinguished from other bacteriolytic enzymes of Streptomyces so far reported. 相似文献
40.
Yoshikazu Matsumura Toshihiro Nakanishi Masaru Iizuka Takehiko Yamamoto 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):379-386
1. A trial test was attempted of complete hydrolysis of peptides and proteins into amino acids by enzymes. “Neutral proteinase” of Bacillus subtilis or “Alkalophilic proteinase” of a Streptomyces sp. was used for preliminary digestion of substrate, and a mixture of three aminopeptidases of Bacillus subtilis was employed for subsequent hydrolysis of proteinase digest.2. The oxidized insulin B chain was hydrolyzed completely by the method. Several proteins including enzymes which contained no or less cystine and cysteine were also hydrolyzed almost completely.3. On the other hand, certain glycoproteins were hydrolyzed to leave a few glycopeptides in which all glycomoieties of the proteins were retained. The implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献