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101.
102.
High iron-content transgenic tobacco plants have been produced by transfer via Agrobacterium tumefaciens of soyabean ferritin cDNA under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. Immunoblot analysis of protein from transgenic tobacco plants suggested mature ferritin subunits are produced by cleavage of transit peptides. The expressed ferritin was observed in the tissues of leaves and stems. The maximal iron content of transformant leaves was approximately 30% higher than leaves from non-transformants. The increased iron content of each transformant was correlated with increases in ferritin content. These results demonstrate the potential of breeding high iron content crops by introduction of the ferritin gene 相似文献
103.
Aoyagi Y Hitotsuyanagi Y Hasuda T Fukaya H Takeya K Aiyama R Matsuzaki T Hashimoto S 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(7):1947-1949
Several C-ring modified analogues of a potent antileukemic diterpene, triptolide (1), were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships were studied. 相似文献
104.
Yoshiro Naito Hisashi Sawada Makiko Oboshi Aya Fujii Shinichi Hirotani Toshihiro Iwasaku Yoshitaka Okuhara Akiyo Eguchi Daisuke Morisawa Mitsumasa Ohyanagi Takeshi Tsujino Tohru Masuyama 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Although iron is reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, it is unknown whether iron participates in the pathophysiology of nephrosclerosis. Here, we investigate whether iron is involved in the development of hypertensive nephropathy and the effects of iron restriction on nephrosclerosis in salt- loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP were given either a normal or high-salt diet for 8 weeks. Another subset of SHRSP were fed a high-salt with iron-restricted diet. SHRSP given a high-salt diet developed severe hypertension and nephrosclerosis. As a result, survival rate was decreased after 8 weeks diet. Importantly, massive iron accumulation and increased iron content were observed in the kidneys of salt-loaded SHRSP, along with increased superoxide production, urinary 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine excretion, and urinary iron excretion; however, these changes were markedly attenuated by iron restriction. Of interest, expression of cellular iron transport proteins, transferrin receptor 1 and divalent metal transporter 1, was increased in the tubules of salt-loaded SHRSP. Notably, iron restriction attenuated the development of severe hypertension and nephrosclerosis, thereby improving survival rate in salt-loaded SHRSP. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which iron plays a role in the development of hypertensive nephropathy and establish the effects of iron restriction on salt-induced nephrosclerosis. 相似文献
105.
106.
The activation of cholinergic pathways by nicotine elicits various physiological and pharmacological effects in mammals. For example, the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) leads to an antinociceptive effect. However, it remains to be elucidated which subtypes of nAChR are involved in the antinociceptive effect of nicotine on nerve injury-induced allodynia and the underlying cascades of the nAChR-mediated antiallodynic effect. In this study, we attempted to characterize the actions of nicotine at the spinal level against mechanical allodynia in an animal model of neuropathic pain, tibial nerve transection (TNT) in rats. It was found that the intrathecal injection of nicotine, RJR-2403, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist, and choline, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, produced an antinociceptive effect on the TNT-induced allodynia. The actions of nicotine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic antagonist, or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, and partially reversed by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. Furthermore, pretreatment with strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, blocked the antinociception induced by nicotine, RJR-2403, and choline. On the other hand, the GABAA antagonist bicuculline did not reverse the antiallodynic effect of nicotine. Together, these results indicate that the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChR system, by enhancing the activities of glycinergic neurons at the spinal level, exerts a suppressive effect on the nociceptive transduction in neuropathic pain. 相似文献
107.
Hsu-Sheng Yu Tsunehiro Oyama Toyohi Isse Kyoko Kitagawa Thi-Thu-Phuong Pham Masayuki Tanaka Toshihiro Kawamoto 《Chemico-biological interactions》2010,188(3):367-375
Epidemiological studies have identified chronic alcohol consumption as a significant risk factor for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and for cancer of the liver. Ingested ethanol is mainly oxidized by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and catalase to form acetaldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) to produce acetate. Polymorphisms of the genes which encode enzymes for ethanol metabolism affect the ethanol/acetaldehyde oxidizing capacity. ADH1B*2 allele (ADH1B, one of the enzyme in ADH family) is commonly observed in Asian population, has much higher enzymatic activity than ADH1B*1 allele. Otherwise, approximately 40% of Japanese have single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALDH2 gene. The ALDH2 *2 allele encodes a protein with an amino acid change from glutamate to lysine (derived from the ALDH2*1 allele) and devoid of enzymatic activity. Neither the homozygote (ALDH2*2/*2) nor heterozygote (ALDH2*1/*2) is able to metabolize acetaldehyde promptly. Acetaldehyde is a genotoxic compound that reacts with DNA to form primarily a Schiff base N2-ethylidene-2′-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethylidene-dG) adduct, which may be converted by reducing agents to N2-ethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethyl-dG) in vivo, and strongly blocked translesion DNA synthesis. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between ALDH2 genotypes and the development of certain types of cancer. On the other hand, the drinking of alcohol induces the expression of CYP2E1, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage. This review covers the combined effects of alcohol and ALDH2 polymorphisms on cancer risk. Studies show that ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygotes who habitually consume alcohol have higher rates of cancer than ALDH2*1/*1 homozygotes. Moreover, they support that chronic alcohol consumption contributes to formation of various DNA adducts. Although some DNA adducts formation is demonstrated to be an initiation step of carcinogenesis, it is still unclear that whether these alcohol-related DNA adducts are true factors or initiators of cancer. Future studies are needed to better characterize and to validate the roles of these DNA adducts in human study. 相似文献
108.
Shimoda K Kamesaki K Numata A Aoki K Matsuda T Oritani K Tamiya S Kato K Takase K Imamura R Yamamoto T Miyamoto T Nagafuji K Gondo H Nagafuchi S Nakayama K Harada M 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2002,169(9):4707-4711
IFN-alpha inhibits B lymphocyte development, and the nuclear protein Daxx has been reported to be essential for this biological activity. We show in this study that IFN-alpha inhibits the clonal proliferation of B lymphocyte progenitors in response to IL-7 in wild-type, but not in tyk2-deficient, mice. In addition, the IFN-alpha-induced up-regulation and nuclear translocation of Daxx are completely abrogated in the absence of tyk2. Therefore, tyk2 is directly involved in IFN-alpha signaling for the induction and translocation of Daxx, which may result in B lymphocyte growth arrest and/or apoptosis. 相似文献
109.
110.
Kumon Y Yokoyama R Haque Z Yokochi T Honda D Nakahara T 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2006,8(2):170-177
We show here that a new labyrinthulid strain, L72, isolated from a fallen leaf in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan, produced only
docohexaenoic acid (DHA) among all the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). The main fatty acid composition was
16:0 (28.9%), 18:0 (7.2%), 18:1 (5.7%), 18:2 (10.4%), and DHA (45.9%) without any other LCPUFA. The lipid content of the strain
was 27.4%. The cells had many lipid bodies, which were densely located in all of the cells. On phylogenetic analysis using
the 18S rDNA sequence, the strain was located in the labyrinthulids group, forming a monophyletic group with Labyrinthula sp. (strain s) and Labyrinthuila sp. (strain L59). We further tested the culture optimization of strain L72 to evaluate the ability of the strain to produce
DHA. The optimum salt concentration and the temperature of the strain were 100% of artificial seawater and 20°C. Strain L72
could grow well on soybean oil (SBO) or soybean lecithin (SBL) as the carbon source. When 20 g/l of SBL was added to the medium,
DHA production reached the maximum amount at 0.67 g/l for 14 d. The two important facts, that the strain can use SBL as the
main nutrient and contains only DHA among the LCPUFAs, will be of great advantage for industry. 相似文献