三江源国家公园兽类物种多样性及区系分析

为了解三江源国家公园野生兽类的分布现状,2015-2017年对园区进行了实地调查。根据调查结果并参考相关文献资料,三江源国家公园内野生兽类共62种,分别隶属8目19科44属。园区内兽类呈现出物种多样性高,珍稀濒危物种多,特有种多的特点：三江源国家公园内的兽类物种多样性G-F指数为0.77,表明该区域物种多样性处于很高水平。根据中国物种红色名录,20个物种受威胁（极危、濒危和易危）,比例为32.26%,远高于国家整体水平;中国或青藏高原特有种29种,占46.77%。三江源国家公园在动物地理区划上属于古北界青藏区,在地理分布型上,以古北界成分为主,东洋界成分为辅,以古北界高山型成分最多,有25种,且资源量大,表明三江源国家公园的兽类以适应高寒气候的特殊种类为主。3个园区的平均动物区系相似性比较结果表明,长江源园区与澜沧江源园区为共同关系,黄河源园区与长江源园区和澜沧江源园区为密切关系。近些年,三江源地区的兽类保护工作取得了很好的效果,并得到国内外认可,本研究结合园区生物多样性和区系特点,根据保护现状,提出了今后的监测保护建议。     

Generation of Hepatitis B virus PreS2-S antigen in Hansenula polymorpha

Despite the long availability of a traditional prophylactic vaccine containing the HBV surface antigen(HBsA g) and aluminum adjuvant, nearly 10% of the population remains unable to generate an effective immune response. Previous studies have indicated that hepatitis B virus(HBV) PreS 2-S is abundant in T/B cell epitopes, which induces a stronger immune response than HBsA g, particularly in terms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) reaction. In the current study, the HBV PreS 2-S gene encoding an extra26 amino acids(PreS 2 C-terminus) located at the N-terminus of HBsA g was cloned into the pV CH1300 expression vector. Pre S2-S expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, was produced at a yield of up to 250 mg/L. Subsequent purification steps involved hydrophobic adsorption to colloidal silica, ion-exchange chromatography and density ultracentrifugation. The final product was obtained with a total yield of ~15% and purity of ~99%. In keeping with previous studies, ~22 nm viruslike particles were detected using electron microscopy. The generated PreS 2-S antigen will be further studied for efficacy and safty in animals.     

抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽(antimicrobial peptide)或肽抗生素(peptide antibiotics),在动植物体内分布广泛,是天然免疫防御系统的一部分。抗菌肽不仅有广谱抗细菌能力,而且对真菌、病毒及癌细胞也有作用。对抗菌肽作用机理的研究是近来的热点之一,本文综述了此方面近来的进展,并对微生物针对抗菌肽的耐药性进行了讨论。     

不同氮磷钾施肥方式对水稻碳、氮累积与分配的影响

基于我国南方双季稻区20年长期田间定位施肥试验,研究了不同氮磷钾施肥方式对水稻碳、氮积累与分配的影响.结果表明:偏施氮肥处理水稻籽实的碳、氮含量最高,分别达到433和18.9 g·kg-1.水稻植株的碳、氮储量以氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)及氮磷钾基础上有机物料循环施肥处理(NPKC)最高,其中NPKC和NPK处理籽实碳储量分别为2015和1960kg hm-2,茎叶碳储量分别为2048和2002 kg·hm-2;籽实氮储量分别为80.6和80.5kg·hm-2,茎叶氮储量则以NPK处理最高,为59.3 kg·hm-2.有机无机肥的配合施用显著增加了水稻植株体内碳和氮的累积;与偏施氮肥处理相比,氮磷钾的综合施用更利于水稻生长过程中碳、氮的累积与分配.     

成年大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞KATP通道的特性

为了解成年大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞KATP通道的特性,实验采用膜片钳技术的内面向外式记录法,在急性分离的CA1区锥体神经元上,研究了可被胞浆侧ATP所抑制的钾离子单通道的特性,当细胞膜内外两侧的K^ 浓度均为140mmol/L时,通道的电导为63pS,翻转电位为1．71mV,通道呈弱向内向整流性,在负钳制电位时,通道开放时常被短时的关闭所打断,而在正钳制电位时,这种短时程的关闭状态明显少于负钳制电位时,但通道开放概率未见明显的电压依赖性,ATP对通道活动的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性,抑制通道活动50％的ATP浓度为0．1mmol/L.KATP通道的特异性阻断剂tolbutamide(甲糖宁,1mmol/L)可完全阻断通道的活动,而KATP通道开放剂diazoxide(二氮嗪,1mmol/L）则不增强通道的活动。     

Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity,speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection

Background  

In the past decades the rapid growth of molecular diagnostics (based on either traditional PCR or isothermal amplification technologies) meet the demand for fast and accurate testing. Although isothermal amplification technologies have the advantages of low cost requirements for instruments, the further improvement on sensitivity, speed and robustness is a prerequisite for the applications in rapid pathogen detection, especially at point-of-care diagnostics. Here, we describe and explore several strategies to improve one of the isothermal technologies, helicase-dependent amplification (HDA).     

A comprehensive gene network for fine tuning floral development in poplar

Herbaceous model species, especially Arabidopsis has provided a wealth of information about the genes involved in floral induction and development of inflorescences and flowers. While the genus Populus is an important model system for the molecular biology of woody plant. These two genuses differ in many ways. This study was designed to improve understanding of flower development in poplar at a system level, as its regulatory pathway to a large extent remains poorly known, owing to the presently limited mutant pool. To address this issue, a poplar GeneChip was employed to detect genes expressed during the whole floral developmental process. Using the expressed floral genes, a systematic gene network was constructed with the aid of functional association with Arabidopsis. The results suggested that autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways are involved in poplar flowering. Modularity analysis revealed several pathways in common with Arabidopsis, such as autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization and photoperiod pathways. In addition, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways were implicated as additional novel pathways. Notably, a difference in vernalization between Arabidopsis and poplar was revealed. Autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways integrated into a systematic gene network in floral development of poplar. Compared to Arabidopsis, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways are additional in poplar, and FLC is absent in vernalization pathway in poplar. Preliminary conclusions drawn here provide a basis for both identification of key genes and elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in poplar floral development.     

菌群失调小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门菌后Th1和Th2细胞因子的动态研究

目的研究鼠伤寒沙门菌感染小鼠在菌群失调下Th细胞因子的动态变化,以探讨菌群失调对沙门菌感染的免疫机制。方法分别建立菌群失调、感染和空白对照的小鼠模型。各组动物在感染不同时点处死,观察小肠、肝脏和脾脏病理改变。采用流式细胞仪检测脾脏细胞中IFN-γ和IL-4表达,以此代表Th1和Th2细胞。结果菌群失调组病理损害最重,Th1明显增加,表达水平高,Th2变化不大,Th1/Th2比值升高。结论菌群失调后,能够加重小鼠感染鼠伤寒沙门菌引起的的Th1型反应,产生炎症性损伤。