人类小腿肌肉对运动训练生理响应的电学特性研究

目的 运动训练已被证明能够改善许多慢性肌肉功能疾病,被用于治疗衰老型肌萎缩。本文采用电阻抗成像(electrical impedance tomography,EIT)研究人类小腿肌肉对运动训练生理响应的电学特性,旨在使用EIT方法可视化运动训练对人类小腿响应肌肉隔室内肌肉纤维体积增加的效果。方法 实验对象被要求在连续5个实验日进行左、右腿单侧提踵训练,应用EIT检测每日运动训练前和运动训练后小腿肌肉的电导率分布。为了定量分析运动训练对响应肌肉隔室的作用,使用配对样本t检验分析EIT重建图像的空间平均电导率<σ>。结果 运动训练后,由小腿腓肠肌组成的M₁肌肉隔室空间平均电导率<σ>_M1显著增加。此外,连续5个实验日的EIT测量结果显示,运动训练前的空间平均电导率<σ^pre>_M1呈上升趋势。所有实验对象在实验日1早晨进行实验前的腿部瘦体重与<σ>_M1呈线性关系,即<σ>_M1随腿部瘦体重增加而增加;运...     

神经肌肉电刺激下小腿肌肉的电学特性研究

目的 采用电阻抗成像（electrical impedance tomography,EIT）方法研究神经肌肉电刺激（neuromuscular electrical stimulation,NMES）下小腿肌肉的电学特性,旨在将EIT作为一种长期监测方法,从而可视化NMES训练对人类小腿肌肉的训练效果。方法 16名实验对象被随机分配到对照组（control group,CG,n=8）和最佳电压强度的NMES训练组（optimal voltage intensity training group,OG,n=8）。对照组保持正常生活方式并不进行NMES和其他的肌肉训练;NMES训练组中使用商业NMES设备对实验对象右小腿进行23 min的NMES训练,每周3次,为期5周。应用EIT测量在每周一训练开始前的电导率分布。并且采用生物电阻抗分析（bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA）方法测量右腿细胞外含水量与身体总含水量的比率（ECW/TBW） βrl,及身体总含水量（TBW）τ。为了量化NMES在肌肉训练过程中的作用,使用配对样本t检验分析EIT重建图像的...     

新一代植物志的起点——读《中国维管植物科属词典》《中国维管植物科属志》的几点思考

<正>中国是全球生物多样性大国,也是世界上植物种类最多的国家之一。据《中国生物物种名录》(2022版)(http://www.sp2000.org.cn/Co LChina)记载,中国产高等植物物种总计483科4,275属38,287种及7,506个种下类群,其中维管植物占绝对优势,共有323科3,643属35,179种及7,258个种下类群,且仍以平均每年220个新分类群及32个国家级分布新记录的速度持续增长(Du et al,2020)。     

计算机虚拟筛选技术在害虫行为调节剂研究中的应用

害虫行为调节剂是一种以嗅觉系统为靶标的绿色农药,在害虫的田间管理中发挥着重要的作用。然而,其先导化合物的发现通常依赖一系列生物测定的方法,不仅费时费力,且发现效率低。近年来,随着昆虫嗅觉功能数据的积累和结构生物学的飞速发展,以机器学习技术和分子对接为代表的2种基于计算机的药物虚拟筛选方法在害虫行为调节剂的先导化合物研究中发挥着重要的作用,极大地促进了先导化合物的发现效率,减少了筛选的盲目性。本文系统综述了2种虚拟筛选方法及其在害虫行为调节剂先导化合物研究中的应用,并对2种筛选策略在实际应用中存在的问题及应用前景进行了讨论。     

小兴安岭兴安落叶松泥炭藓沼泽植物的主要微量元素

小兴安岭兴安落叶松、泥炭藓沼泽是我国典型贫营养型沼泽。沼泽中树木生长发育不良,泥炭藓和常绿小灌木发育十分良好。这与沼泽水文状况和泥炭中营养元素和微量元素有关。各种植物的主要微量元素硼、铜、钴、锰、锌等含量不同,植物的不同器官中的含量亦不同,而且随季节而变化。狭叶杜香和甸杜的主要微量元素含量特点及其季节变化规律基本相似,两种泥炭藓相似,都与兴安落叶松有明显的区别。 本文重点探讨植物体内主要微量元素及其含量变化规律,为揭示贫营养型森林沼泽生态、为合理利用与改造沼泽提供依据。     

Two New C19-Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium shawurense

Shawurenine C ( 1a ) and D ( 1b ), a new pair of regioisomeric C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids, and five known C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids ( 2 – 6 ) were isolated from the aerial part of Delphinium shawurense W. T. Wang. The chemical structures of new compounds were established based on spectroscopic analyses: HR-ESI-MS, and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of these diterpenoid alkaloids were also evaluated.     

Transmembrane kinase 1-mediated auxin signal regulates membrane-associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and light chains (CLCs), and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membrane-associated CLCs and CHCs, modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2). However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood. Transmembrane kinase (TMKs) family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development; it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME. We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin, using genetic, pharmacological, and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence. In tmk1 mutant seedlings, auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis, leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin. Furthermore, TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin. In summary, TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME. TMK1 therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.     

Nature and metabolism of a thymus cyst studied by histochemistry and autoradiography

Summary A thymus cyst was discovered in connection with autoradiographical studies on sulphur metabolism of the rat. The coincidence must be considered unique and has motivated amplifying histochemical investigations.The cyst-content showed a strong positive PAS-reaction and after toluidine blue -metachromasia, which along with the incorporation of S³⁵ makes the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides likely. A strong blackening was noticed on the autoradiogram over the greater part of the cyst. This infers that the content has been metabolized here, in contradistinction to the centre with inactive colloid.     

Clonal organization of populations of Asarum europaeum and Maianthemum bifolium in contrasting woodland habitats

Populations of two rhizomatous species, Asarum europaeum (asarabacca) and Maianthemum bifolium (May lily), were examined in two, and four forest habitats respectively, in the Roztocze National Park (south-eastern Poland). May lily populations were studied in habitats: the Carpathian beechwood, upland mixed fir forest, subboreal moist mixed coniferous forest and bog-alder forest. Asarabacca was studied in two habitats: beechwood and Scots pine community (an 80-year-old plantation). In both the species studied intra- and inter-populational differences of the size of genets in terms of above- and below-ground parts of individuals as well as the biomass and area occupied were observed. In May lily populations the greatest mean number of shoots per genet was found in the fir forest (11.62±3.29), a value almost twice as great as that in the moist coniferous forest and nearly three times greater than in the bog-alder forest. Total rhizome length was also the greatest in the fir forest (351.9±98.7 cm) followed by moist coniferous forest, beechwood and alder forest habitats. In all populations of May lily a greater part of total dry weight biomass is in below-ground organs. The greatest biomass value of a genet was found in the fir forest (4.275 g), the smallest in the bog-alder forest (0.110 g). All populations differed significantly in terms of leaf area, leaf length (with the exception of fir forest and beechwood habitats where the values were the greatest), and leaf width (excluding moist coniferous and bog-alder forests which had the smallest values). In the case of asarabacca, both the mean number of ramets per genet (3.36±0.45 vs. 2.49±0.20) and total rhizome length (40.3±6.4 cm vs. 21.1±1.8 cm) were greater in the beechwood habitat than in the pine community. In the first population genets had 3–5 times greater the total biomass of those from the pine community. Only genets of the latter had proportionately more dry weight biomass in above-ground parts. It seems to be correlated with greater rhizome dieback and disintegration of genets into smaller units. Both populations were significantly different in terms of all examined parameters of leaves. Genets of both the species studied were found to have their own structure of developmental phases that often differed for shoots and rhizomes.