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271.
272.
J Timothy Lightfoot Michael J Turner Amy Kleinfehn Knab Anne E Jedlicka Tomohiro Oshimura Jacqui Marzec Wesley Gladwell Larry J Leamy Steven R Kleeberger 《Journal of applied physiology》2007,103(1):105-110
The role of genetics in the determination of maximal exercise endurance is unclear. Six- to nine-week-old F2 mice (n = 99; 60 female, 39 male), derived from an intercross of two inbred strains that had previously been phenotyped as having high maximal exercise endurance (Balb/cJ) and low maximal exercise endurance (DBA/2J), were treadmill tested to estimate exercise endurance. Selective genotyping of the F2 cohort (n = 12 high exercise endurance; n = 12 low exercise endurance) identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome X (53.7 cM, DXMit121) in the entire cohort and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 8 (36.1 cM, D8Mit359) in the female mice. Fine mapping with the entire F2 cohort and additional informative markers confirmed and narrowed the QTLs. The chromosome 8 QTL (EE8(F)) is homologous with two suggestive human QTLs and one significant rat QTL previously linked with exercise endurance. No effect of sex (P = 0.33) or body weight (P = 0.79) on exercise endurance was found in the F2 cohort. These data indicate that genetic factors in distinct chromosomal regions may affect maximal exercise endurance in the inbred mouse. Whereas multiple genes are located in the identified QTL that could functionally affect exercise endurance, this study serves as a foundation for further investigations delineating the identity of genetic factors influencing maximum exercise endurance. 相似文献
273.
Tomohiro Yamaguchi Youichi Suzuki Ryuichi Katakura Takusaburo Ebina Junkichi Yokoyama Yoshiaki Fujimiya 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1998,47(2):97-103
γδT cells play a regulatory role in both primary and metastatic tumor growth in humans. The mechanisms responsible for the
activation and proliferation of circulating γδT cells should be fully understood prior to their adoptive transfer to cancer
patients. We have examined in vitro functional effects of interleukin-15 (IL-15) on highly purified γδT cells isolated from
glioblastoma patients. γδT cells constitutively express the heterotrimeric IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) αβγ, but the levels of IL-2Rβ
or γ expression were not increased by incubation with saturating amounts of IL-15. IL-15 was shown to induce a maximal γδT
cell proliferation, although at much higher concentrations (at least 2000 U/ml) than IL-2 (100 U/ml). Submaximal concentrations
of IL-15 plus low concentrations of IL-2 produced an additive proliferative response. In contrast to the IL-2-induced response,
this activity was completely or partially abrogated by anti-IL-2Rβ, or anti-IL-2Rγ antibodies, but not by anti-IL-2Rα antibodies.
Incubation of γδT cells in the presence of IL-15 resulted not only in the appearance of NK and LAK activity, but also in specific
autologous tumor cell killing activity, an additive effect being seen with IL-15 and IL-2. This IL-15-induced tumor-specific
activity could be significantly blocked by anti-IL-2Rγ and anti-IL-2R-β mAb, but not by anti-IL-2Rα mAb. Thus, in contrast
to IL-2, IL-15 activates tumor-specific γδT cells through the components of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ, but not IL-2Rα. These enhanced
in vitro tumor-specific and proliferative responses of γδT cells seen with IL-15 suggest a rational adjuvant imunotherapeutic
use of γδT cells in cancer patients.
Received: 23 January 1998 / Accepted: 20 May 1998 相似文献
274.
Tomohiro Ueda Tomohisa Takagi Kazuhiro Katada Takaya Iida Katsura Mizushima Osamu Dohi Tetsuya Okayama Naohisa Yoshida Kazuhiro Kamada Kazuhiko Uchiyama Osamu Handa Takeshi Ishikawa Hideyuki Konishi Yuji Naito Yukio Nagasaki Yoshito Itoh 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(2):2044-2049
Background
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a serious abdominal condition leading to multiple organ failure with high mortality. However, no reliable treatment is available. A redox nanoparticle (RNPO) was recently developed, and its efficacy for several intestinal inflammatory conditions has been reported. To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of RNPO on intestinal I-R injury in mice.Methods
Ischemia was induced in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min under anesthesia followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Mice were orally administered the vehicle or RNPO 1 h before ischemia. Inflammatory markers such as histological findings, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substances as an index of lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as an index of neutrophil infiltration, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the intestinal mucosa were assessed.Results
Induction of I-R caused a significant increase in inflammatory markers (histological scores, TBA-reactive substances, MPO activity, and expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant mRNA). These changes were significantly attenuated in RNPO-treated mice as compared to vehicle-treated mice.Conclusion
Orally administered RNPO attenuated intestinal I-R injury in mice in association with reductions in neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation, suggesting the possibly potential of RNPO as a therapeutic agent for intestinal I-R injury. 相似文献275.
Botulinum hemagglutinin‐mediated in situ break‐up of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregates for high‐density suspension culture
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Suman C. Nath Tomohiro Tokura Mee‐Hae Kim Masahiro Kino‐oka 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2018,115(4):910-920
Large numbers of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are required for making stable cell bank. Although suspension culture yields high cell numbers, there remain unresolved challenges for obtaining high‐density of hiPSCs because large size aggregates exhibit low growth rates. Here, we established a simple method for hiPSC aggregate break‐up using botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), which specifically bound with E‐cadherin and disrupted cell–cell connections in hiPSC aggregates. HA showed temporary activity for disrupting the E‐cadherin‐mediated cell–cell connections to facilitate the break‐up of aggregates into small sizes only 9 hr after HA addition. The transportation of HA into the aggregates was mediated by transcellular and paracellular way after HA addition to the culture medium. hiPSC aggregates broken up by HA showed a higher number of live cells, higher cell density, and higher expansion fold compared to those of aggregates dissociated with enzymatic digestion. Moreover, a maximum cell density of 4.5 ± 0.2 × 106 cells ml?1 was obtained by aggregate break‐up into small ones, which was three times higher than that with the conventional culture without aggregate break‐up. Therefore, the temporary activity of HA for disrupting E‐cadherin‐mediated cell–cell connection was key to establishing a simple in situ method for hiPSC aggregate break‐up in bioreactors, leading to high cell density in suspension culture. 相似文献
276.
Yuji Miyazaki Yusuke Jikumaru Tomoyuki Takase Aya Saitoh Asuka Sugitani Yuji Kamiya Tomohiro Kiyosue 《Plant cell reports》2016,35(2):455-467
Key message
Auxin and two phytochrome-interacting factors, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5, play crucial roles in the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that overproduce LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2).Abstract
LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) is a positive regulator of hypocotyl elongation under white light in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, using microarray analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis (Columbia accession), a transgenic line that produces green fluorescent protein (GFP), and two lines that produce GFP-tagged LKP2 (GFP-LKP2). We found that, in GFP-LKP2 hypocotyls, 775 genes were up-regulated, including 36 auxin-responsive genes, such as 27 SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) and 6 AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) genes, and 21 genes involved in responses to red or far-red light, including PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5; and 725 genes were down-regulated, including 15 flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Hypocotyls of GFP-LKP2 seedlings, but not cotyledons or roots, contained a higher level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) than those of control seedlings. Auxin inhibitors reduced the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in GFP-LKP2 seedlings by inhibiting the increase in cortical cell number and elongation of the epidermal and cortical cells. The enhancement of hypocotyl elongation was completely suppressed in progeny of the crosses between GFP-LKP2 lines and dominant gain-of-function auxin-resistant mutants (axr2-1 and axr3-1) or loss-of-function mutants pif4, pif5, and pif4 pif5. Our results suggest that the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in GFP-LKP2 seedlings is due to the elevated level of IAA and to the up-regulated expression of PIF4 and PIF5 in hypocotyls.277.
Use of Candida‐specific chicken egg yolk antibodies to inhibit the adhering of Candida to denture base materials: prevention of denture stomatitis
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278.
Toshio Sekiguchi Kenji Kuwasako Michio Ogasawara Hiroki Takahashi Shin Matsubara Tomohiro Osugi Ikunobu Muramatsu Yuichi Sasayama Nobuo Suzuki Honoo Satake 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2016,291(5):2345-2356
The calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptide (CGRP) family is conserved in vertebrates. The activities of this peptide family are regulated by a combination of two receptors, namely the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and the CTR-like receptor (CLR), and three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Furthermore, RAMPs act as escort proteins by translocating CLR to the cell membrane. Recently, CT/CGRP family peptides have been identified or inferred in several invertebrates. However, the molecular characteristics and relevant functions of the CTR/CLR and RAMPs in invertebrates remain unclear. In this study, we identified three CT/CGRP family peptides (Bf-CTFPs), one CTR/CLR-like receptor (Bf-CTFP-R), and three RAMP-like proteins (Bf-RAMP-LPs) in the basal chordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). The Bf-CTFPs were shown to possess an N-terminal circular region typical of the CT/CGRP family and a C-terminal Pro-NH2. The Bf-CTFP genes were expressed in the central nervous system and in endocrine cells of the midgut, indicating that Bf-CTFPs serve as brain and/or gut peptides. Cell surface expression of the Bf-CTFP-R was enhanced by co-expression with each Bf-RAMP-LP. Furthermore, Bf-CTFPs activated Bf-CTFP-R·Bf-RAMP-LP complexes, resulting in cAMP accumulation. These results confirmed that Bf-RAMP-LPs, like vertebrate RAMPs, are prerequisites for the function and translocation of the Bf-CTFP-R. The relative potencies of the three peptides at each receptor were similar. Bf-CTFP2 was a potent ligand at all receptors in cAMP assays. Bf-RAMP-LP effects on ligand potency order were distinct to vertebrate CGRP/adrenomedullin/amylin receptors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular and functional characterization of an authentic invertebrate CT/CGRP family receptor and RAMPs. 相似文献
279.