全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2123篇 |
免费 | 187篇 |
专业分类
2310篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 61篇 |
2018年 | 73篇 |
2017年 | 65篇 |
2016年 | 73篇 |
2015年 | 120篇 |
2014年 | 135篇 |
2013年 | 162篇 |
2012年 | 150篇 |
2011年 | 200篇 |
2010年 | 124篇 |
2009年 | 69篇 |
2008年 | 132篇 |
2007年 | 117篇 |
2006年 | 141篇 |
2005年 | 117篇 |
2004年 | 89篇 |
2003年 | 90篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2310条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
32.
Kulig Waldemar Tynkkynen Joona Javanainen Matti Manna Moutusi Rog Tomasz Vattulainen Ilpo Jungwirth Pavel 《Journal of molecular modeling》2014,20(2):1-9
Journal of Molecular Modeling - We studied the doping effects on the electronic and structural properties of graphene upon interaction with phenol. Calculations were performed within the periodic... 相似文献
33.
Perła J Undas A Twardowski T Jakubowski H 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2004,807(2):257-261
Modification with homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone leads to the formation of N-Hcy-Lys-protein. Although N-Hcy-Lys-proteins are immunogenic, pure antibodies have not yet been obtained. Here we describe synthesis and application of Nomega-homocysteinyl-aminohexyl-Agarose for affinity purification of anti-N-Hcy-Lys-protein antibodies. Nomega-homocysteinyl-aminohexyl-Agarose was prepared by N-homocysteinylation of omega-aminohexyl-Agarose with Hcy-thiolactone. Immune serum was obtained from rabbits inoculated with N-Hcy-Lys-keyhole limpet hemocyanine and IgG fraction prepared by chromatography on protein A-Agarose. Anti-N-Hcy-Lys-protein IgG was adsorbed on Nomega-homocysteinyl-aminohexyl-Agarose column at pH 8.6 and eluted with a pH 2.3 buffer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrate that the antibody recognizes specifically N-homocysteinylated variants of hemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, and antitrypsin. 相似文献
34.
Paulina Kasperkiewicz Anne Hempel Tomasz Janiszewski Sonia Kot Scott J. Snipas Marcin Drag Guy S. Salvesen 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2020,295(51):17624
Neutrophils are primary host innate immune cells defending against pathogens. One proposed mechanism by which neutrophils prevent the spread of pathogens is NETosis, the extrusion of cellular DNA resulting in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The protease neutrophil elastase (NE) has been implicated in the formation of NETs through proteolysis of nuclear proteins leading to chromatin decondensation. In addition to NE, neutrophils contain three other serine proteases that could compensate if the activity of NE was neutralized. However, whether they do play such a role is unknown. Thus, we deployed recently described specific inhibitors against all four of the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). Using specific antibodies to the NSPs along with our labeled inhibitors, we show that catalytic activity of these enzymes is not required for the formation of NETs. Moreover, the NSPs that decorate NETs are in an inactive conformation and thus cannot participate in further catalytic events. These results indicate that NSPs play no role in either NETosis or arming NETs with proteolytic activity. 相似文献
35.
A study of the species composition of mayfly communities in connection with environmental parameters was made in headwater streams of the Pieniny Mts. The rhithral zone is inhabited maximally by 19 mayfly species. In most of the streams studied the mayfly communities were found to be similar, however the vertical zonation which reflected human impact was visible (NMDS analysis). The main factors responsible for mayfly communities at all the sites studied were stream regulation and organic pollution, followed by type of bottom substrate (pebble and gravel), riparian vegetation (shrubs), pH and water temperature. At undisturbed sites the most important factors were pH, substrate type, distance from the source, current velocity and riparian vegetation (CCA analysis). Analysis of mayfly communities and environmental characteristics in different seasons showed that occurrence of mayfly species varied substantially depending on the season. Only in early spring and autumn do mayfly communities occur which are dependent on many environmental factors, the most significant of which are substrate type, phosphate, distance from source and altitude (CCA analysis). 相似文献
36.
ABCA1 is required for normal central nervous system ApoE levels and for lipidation of astrocyte-secreted apoE 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Wahrle SE Jiang H Parsadanian M Legleiter J Han X Fryer JD Kowalewski T Holtzman DM 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(39):40987-40993
ABCA1 is an ATP-binding cassette protein that transports cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Lack of ABCA1 in humans and mice causes abnormal lipidation and increased catabolism of HDL, resulting in very low plasma apoA-I, apoA-II, and HDL. Herein, we have used Abca1-/- mice to ask whether ABCA1 is involved in lipidation of HDL in the central nervous system (CNS). ApoE is the most abundant CNS apolipoprotein and is present in HDL-like lipoproteins in CSF. We found that Abca1-/- mice have greatly decreased apoE levels in both the cortex (80% reduction) and the CSF (98% reduction). CSF from Abca1-/- mice had significantly reduced cholesterol as well as small apoE-containing lipoproteins, suggesting abnormal lipidation of apoE. Astrocytes, the primary producer of CNS apoE, were cultured from Abca1+/+, +/-, and -/- mice, and nascent lipoprotein particles were collected. Abca1-/- astrocytes secreted lipoprotein particles that had markedly decreased cholesterol and apoE and had smaller apoE-containing particles than particles from Abca1+/+ astrocytes. These findings demonstrate that ABCA1 plays a critical role in CNS apoE metabolism. Since apoE isoforms and levels strongly influence Alzheimer's disease pathology and risk, these data suggest that ABCA1 may be a novel therapeutic target. 相似文献
37.
Tomasz Kowalczyk Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka Aneta Gerszberg Andrzej K. Kononowicz 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2014,30(8):2141-2152
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) are artificial, genetically encodable biopolymers, belonging to elastomeric proteins, which are widespread in a wide range of living organisms. They are composed of a repeating pentapeptide sequence Val–Pro–Gly–Xaa–Gly, where the guest residue (Xaa) can be any naturally occurring amino acid except proline. These polymers undergo reversible phase transition that can be triggered by various environmental stimuli, such as temperature, pH or ionic strength. This behavior depends greatly on the molecular weight, concentration of ELP in the solution and composition of the amino acids constituting ELPs. At a temperature below the inverse transition temperature (Tt), ELPs are soluble, but insoluble when the temperature exceeds Tt. Furthermore, this feature is retained even when ELP is fused to the protein of interest. These unique properties make ELP very useful for a wide variety of biomedical applications (e.g. protein purification, drug delivery etc.) and it can be expected that smart biopolymers will play a significant role in the development of most new materials and technologies. Here we present the structure and properties of thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptides with a particular emphasis on biomedical and biotechnological application. 相似文献
38.
Bączyk Justyna Gogiel Tomasz Wolańska Małgorzata Bruczko Marta Guszczyn Tomasz Popko Janusz Romanowicz Lech 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2020,26(1):271-280
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - The progressive damage of human articular cartilage is associated with loss of integrity of its extracellular matrix components. Their... 相似文献
39.
Nickel is harmful to humans, being both carcinogenic and allergenic. However, the mechanisms of this toxicity are still unresolved. We propose that Ni(II) ions disintegrate proteins by hydrolysis of peptide bonds preceding the Ser/Thr‐Xaa‐His sequences. Such sequences occur in nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of human phospholipid scramblase 1, Sam68‐like mammalian protein 2, and CLK3 kinase. We performed spectroscopic experiments showing that model nonapeptides derived from these NLSs bind Ni(II) at physiological pH. We also proved that these sequences are prone to Ni(II) hydrolysis. Thus, the aforementioned NLSs may be targets for nickel toxicity. This implies that Ni(II) ions disrupt the transport of some proteins from cytoplasm to cell nucleus. 相似文献
40.
Does operational sex ratio influence relative strength of purging selection in males versus females?
Agata Plesnar‐Bielak Karolina Sychta Tomasz S. Gaczorek Joanna K. Palka Monika A. Prus Zofia M. Prokop 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2020,33(1):80-88
According to theory, sexual selection in males may efficiently purge mutation load of sexual populations, reducing or fully compensating ‘the cost of males’. For this to occur, mutations not only need to be deleterious to both sexes, they also must affect males more than females. A frequently overlooked problem is that relative strength of selection on males versus females may vary between environments, with social conditions being particularly likely to affect selection in males and females differently. Here, we induced mutations in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and tested their effect in both sexes under three different operational sex ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1). Induced mutations decreased fitness of both males and females, but their effect was not stronger in males. Surprisingly, operational sex ratio did not affect selection against deleterious mutations nor its relative strength in the sexes. Thus, our results show no support for the role of sexual selection in the evolutionary maintenance of sex. 相似文献