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51.
Zahra Darvish Ramiar Kamal Kheder Tola Abdulsattar Faraj Soran K. Najmaldin Samaneh Mollazadeh Reza Nosratabadi Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili 《Cell biochemistry and function》2024,42(1):e3895
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response are disturbed. As a result, the body loses self-tolerance. Since one of the main regulatory mechanisms of the immune response is the CTLA4–CD80/86 axis, this hypothesis suggests that autoimmune diseases potentially share a similar molecular basis of pathogenesis. Hence, investigating the CTLA4–CD80/86 axis may be helpful in finding an appropriate treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the molecular basis of the CTLA4–CD80/86 axis in the regulation of the immune response, and then its role in developing some autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. As well, the main therapeutic strategies affecting the CTLA4–CD80/86 axis have been summarized to highlight the importance of this axis in management of autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
52.
Elisa Mazzoni Silvia Pietrobon Irene Masini John Charles Rotondo Mauro Gentile Enrico Fainardi Ilaria Casetta Massimiliano Castellazzi Enrico Granieri Maria Luisa Caniati Maria Rosaria Tola Giovanni Guerra Fernanda Martini Mauro Tognon 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Many investigations were carried out on the association between viruses and multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, early studies reported the detections of neurotropic virus footprints in the CNS of patients with MS. In this study, sera from patients affected by MS, other inflammatory (OIND) and non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND) were analyzed for antibodies against the polyomavirus, Simian Virus 40 (SV40). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with two synthetic peptides, which mimic SV40 antigens, was employed to detect specific antibodies in sera from patients affected by MS, OIND, NIND and healthy subjects (HS). Immunologic data indicate that in sera from MS patients antibodies against SV40 mimotopes are detectable with a low prevalence, 6%, whereas in HS of the same mean age, 40 yrs, the prevalence was 22%. The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.001). Significant is also the difference between MS vs. NIND patients (6% vs. 17%; P = 0.0254), whereas no significant difference was detected between MS vs OIND (6% vs 10%; P>0.05). The prevalence of SV40 antibodies in MS patients is 70% lower than that revealed in HS. 相似文献
53.
Sophien Kamoun † Elisabetta Tola Haresh Kamdar Clarence I. Kado 《Molecular microbiology》1992,6(6):809-816
We have devised a rapid four-step procedure for the generation of directed and unmarked chromosomal deletions in bacteria, based on the use of a novel cloning vector containing the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene that encodes levansucrase and confers sucrose sensitivity, which can be used for counter-selection. Using this technique, we describe the construction of a 6.5 kb directed and unmarked deletion in a phytopathogenicity region of the chromosome in Xanthomonas campestris. This procedure allows rapid and easy transfer of a wide variety of mutant allelic DNA to the bacterial chromosome, and should be adaptable to various bacteria besides Xanthomonas spp. 相似文献
54.
Lennart KA Lundblad Lisa M Rinaldi Matthew E Poynter Erik P Riesenfeld Min Wu Steven Aimi Leesa M Barone Jason HT Bates Charles G Irvin 《Respiratory research》2011,12(1):27
Background
Inhaled short acting β2-agonists (SABA), e.g. albuterol, are used for quick reversal of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. While SABA are not recommended for maintenance therapy, it is not uncommon to find patients who frequently use SABA over a long period of time and there is a suspicion that long term exposure to SABA could be detrimental to lung function. To test this hypothesis we studied the effect of long-term inhaled albuterol stereoisomers on immediate allergic response (IAR) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mouse models of asthma.Methods
Balb/C mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and then we studied the IAR to inhaled allergen and the AHR to inhaled methacholine. The mice were pretreated with nebulizations of either racemic (RS)-albuterol or the single isomers (S)- and (R)-albuterol twice daily over 7 days prior to harvest.Results
We found that all forms of albuterol produced a significant increase of IAR measured as respiratory elastance. Similarly, we found that AHR was elevated by albuterol. At the same time a mouse strain that is intrinsically hyperresponsive (A/J mouse) was not affected by the albuterol isomers nor was AHR induced by epithelial disruption with Poly-L-lysine affected by albuterol.Conclusions
We conclude that long term inhalation treatment with either isomer of albuterol is capable of precipitating IAR and AHR in allergically inflamed airways but not in intrinsically hyperresponsive mice or immunologically naïve mice. Because (S)-albuterol, which lacks affinity for the β2-receptor, did not differ from (R)-albuterol, we speculate that isomer-independent properties of the albuterol molecule, other than β2-agonism, are responsible for the effect on AHR. 相似文献55.
Sebastiana Tola Daniela Manunta Monica Cocco Franco Turrini Angela M. Rocchigiani Graziano Idini Antonio Angioi Guido Leori 《FEMS microbiology letters》1997,154(2):355-362
We have analyzed antigenic variation of seven M. agalactiae wild strains using different sera from naturally infected sheep. Only 30 day sera recognized all surface proteins and inhibited the growth of mycoplasmas. Furthermore, we have observed that two strongly immunogenic proteins: 55 and 35 kDa were digested using 500 μg/ml of trypsin. These two bands are immunoprecipitated together with four other proteins but only the 35 kDa protein is recognized by eluted antibodies. 相似文献
56.
A Russo M Basaglia E Tola S Casella 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2001,27(6):337-342
Cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 LacZY were encapsulated in alginate and their survival and ability to colonise sugar beet were evaluated. To assess
survival, the formulation, composed of dry alginate microbeads of 300- to 700-μm diameter, was stored 1 year at 28±2 and 4±2°C
and then tested against pathogenic fungi Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani in in vitro inhibition experiments. The same material was also used as inoculant for protection of sugar beet against Py. ultimum in microcosm experiments. The results obtained indicated that, although drying alginate beads resulted in a significant reduction
of bacterial viability, the use of microbeads enabled a satisfactory level of root colonisation and protection, at least under
microcosm conditions. The capability of the encapsulated cells to produce the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol
(Phl) was not significantly affected by 12 months storage. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 337–342.
Received 07 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 08 May 2001 相似文献
57.
L Monetini M G Cavallo S Manfrini L Stefanini A Picarelli M Di Tola A Petrone M Bianchi M La Presa C Di Giulio M G Baroni R Thorpe B K Walker P Pozzilli 《Hormones et métabolisme》2002,34(8):455-459
Cow's milk is thought to be an environmental trigger for autoimmune response in Type 1 diabetes. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the antibody response to bovine beta-casein in different immune- and non-immune-mediated diseases and to establish whether such an antibody response is specific to Type 1 diabetes. We measured antibodies to bovine beta-casein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 519 sera from subjects as follows: 71 patients with Type 1 diabetes, 33 patients with coeliac disease, 100 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), 50 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), 50 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 3 different groups of controls (n = 191). Significantly increased levels of antibodies to beta-casein were found in patients with Type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease and in LADA compared to age-matched controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). No differences were observed in beta-casein antibody titres between patients with other disease conditions (MS, and ATD) and age-matched controls. The highest antibody response to beta-casein in Type 1 diabetic patients and in patients with coeliac disease could reflect the gut mucosal immune disorders common to Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. Furthermore, the elevated beta-casein antibody levels found in LADA patients suggest that the antibody response to this protein may be relevant in autoimmune diabetes. 相似文献
58.
Hester van der Vaart Dirkje S Postma Wim Timens Machteld N Hylkema Brigitte WM Willemse H Marike Boezen Judith M Vonk Dorothea M de Reus Henk F Kauffman Nick HT ten Hacken 《Respiratory research》2005,6(1):22
Background
Chronic smoking is the main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Knowledge on the response to the initial smoke exposures might enhance the understanding of changes due to chronic smoking, since repetitive acute smoke effects may cumulate and lead to irreversible lung damage.Methods
We investigated acute effects of smoking on inflammation in 16 healthy intermittent smokers in an open randomised cross-over study. We compared effects of smoking of two cigarettes on inflammatory markers in exhaled air, induced sputum, blood and urine at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours and outcomes without smoking. All sputum and blood parameters were log transformed and analysed using a linear mixed effect model.Results
Significant findings were: Smoking increased exhaled carbon monoxide between 0 and 1 hour, and induced a greater decrease in blood eosinophils and sputum lymphocytes between 0 and 3 hours compared to non-smoking. Compared to non-smoking, smoking induced a greater interleukin-8 release from stimulated blood cells between 0 and 3 hours, and a greater increase in sputum lymphocytes and neutrophils between 3 and 12 hours.Conclusion
We conclude that besides an increase in inflammation, as known from chronic smoking, there is also a suppressive effect of smoking two cigarettes on particular inflammatory parameters. 相似文献59.
Brigitte WM Willemse Nick HT ten Hacken Bea Rutgers Dirkje S Postma Wim Timens 《Respiratory research》2005,6(1):38
Background
Inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma underlies fixed airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The exact role of smoking as promoting factor of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not clear, partly because studies often do not distinguish between current and ex-smokers.Methods
We investigated airway inflammation in sputum and bronchial biopsies of 34 smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9 Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 0, 9 stage I, 10 stage II and 6 stage III) and 26 asymptomatic smokers, and its relationship with past and present smoking habits and airway obstruction.Results
Neutrophil percentage, interleukin-8 and eosinophilic-cationic-protein levels in sputum were higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (stage I-III) than asymptomatic smokers. Inflammatory cell numbers in bronchial biopsies were similar in both groups. Current smoking correlated positively with macrophages: in bronchial biopsies in both groups, and in sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pack-years smoking correlated positively with biopsy macrophages only in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusion
Inflammatory effects of current smoking may mask the underlying ongoing inflammatory process pertinent to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This may have implications for future studies, which should avoid including mixed populations of smokers and ex-smokers. 相似文献60.
Erik P Riesenfeld Michael J Sullivan John A Thompson-Figueroa Hans C Haverkamp Lennart K Lundblad Jason HT Bates Charles G Irvin 《Respiratory research》2010,11(1):22