Extrapyramidaler Kern und extrapyramidale Fasern im Accessorius und Hypoglossus

Zusammenfassung Die kleinen Zellen im Accessoriuskern und Hypoglossuskern, die in Form und Bau der Neben- und Mittelzelle Waldeyers im Rückenmark sehr nahe stehen, zeigen deutliche retrograde Veränderung nach der Durchtrennung des Accessorius bzw. Hypoglossus. Wir möchten dem-nach diese Zellen als extrapyramidalen Kern und die kleine markhaltige Faser im N. accessorius und hypoglossus als extrapyramidale Faser betrachten.     

Correlation Between Urea and Other Chemical and Biological Parameters in Waters of Lake Suwa,Japan

The vertical profiles of chemical and biological parameters, including urea concentration, have been measured periodically since February of 1977 at a central station in Lake Suwa, which is one of the typical eutrophic lakes in Japan. The seasonal trend in the standing stock of urea in the central water column, together with the ratio of urea versus total inorganic nitrogen in the euphotic zone from 12 March, 1977 to 25 July, 1978, are presented. The possible importance of bacterial decomposition of dead phytoplankton as a urea source in natural waters is demonstrated by this study. At times, a highly significant correlation between the vertical profile of urea and vertical distributions of other chemical and biological parameters which were also measured was found. An apparent in situ utilization of urea by phytoplankton is suggested on the basis of vertical profiles of urea and other chemical and biological parameters.     

Eu-Chlorella large subunit rDNA sequences and group I introns in ribosomal DNA of the paramecian symbiotic alga NC64A

Although the examination of large subunit ribosomal RNA genes (LSU rDNA) is advanced in phylogenetic studies, no corresponding sequence data from trebouxiophytes have been published, with the exception of ‘Chlorella’ellipsoidea Gerneck. We determined the LSU rDNA sequence of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck and of the symbiotic alga of green paramecium, Chlorella sp. NC64A. A total of 59 nucleotide substitutions were found in the LSU rDNA of the two species, which are disproportionately distributed. Primarily, 65% of the substitutions were encountered in the first 800 bp of the alignment. This segment apparently has evolved eight times faster than the complete SSU rDNA sequence, making it a good candidate for a phylogenetic marker and giving a resolution level intermediate between small subunit (SSU) rDNA and internal transcribed spacers. Green algae are known as a group I intron‐rich group along with rhodophytes and fungi. NC64A is particularly rich in the introns; five introns were newly identified from the LSU rDNA sequence, which we named Cnc.L200, Cnc.L1688, Cnc.L1926, Cnc.L2184 and Cnc.L2437, following the insertion positions. In the present study we analyzed these introns with three others (Cnc.S943, Cnc.S1367 and Cnc.S1512) that had already been found in NC64A SSU rDNA. Secondary structure modeling placed these introns in the group I intron family, with four introns belonging to subgroup C1 and the other four introns belonging to subgroup E. Five of the intron insertion positions are unique to the paramecian symbiont, which may indicate relatively recent events of intron infections that includes transpositions. Intron phylogeny showed unprecedented relationships; four Cnc. IC1 introns made a clade with some green algal introns with insertions at nine different positions, whereas four Cnc. IE introns made a clade with the S651 intron (Chlorella sp. AN 1–3), which lay as a sister to the S516 insertion position subfamily.     

Immunohistochemical interaction on antisera to HCG and its subunits with chorionic tissue of early gestation.

Immunohistochemical localization of hCG and its subunits in chorionic tissue of early gestation was carried out. Antibodies to purified hCG and its subunits were obtained by using these agents for immunization according to the small doses method. The antibody titers and specificities were examined by B/T and standard curves in homologous radioimmunoassay system. The tissue preparations were stained both by a direct and by an indirect method utilizing these antisera and observing the specimens under a fluorescent microscope. The results were as follows. 1) With the anti-hCG staining, fluorescence was observed in the syncytiotrophoblasts as reported previously while the cytotrophoblast were stained slightly. 2) with the anti-hCG-beta staining, the fluorescence was almost identical with that of hCG and showed a more distinct pattern. 3) with the anti-hCG-alpha staining, the fluorescence was found both in the syncytio- and cytotrophoblasts concurrently. Fluorescence of the latter cells was recognized as due to free alpha-subunit because cytotrophoblast was scarcely stained with anti-hCG and anti-hCG-beta.