土壤酸化改良剂对烟株农艺性状、土壤pH值及青枯病发生的影响

由于长期连作障碍、不合理连续施用化肥等因素,植烟土壤存在酸化等问题,导致烟草青枯病等愈发严重.土壤酸化改良剂可以改善土壤酸化状况,同时还具有改善土壤物理结构、提高养分利用率、增强土壤酸碱缓冲能力等多项作用.本研究选取3种土壤酸化改良剂,用起垄条施的方式,以长期植烟酸化烟田为研究对象,评估不同处理对土壤pH值调节、烟草生长及青枯病发生的影响.结果表明,草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂处理对烟株生长有一定的促进作用;草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂和牡蛎壳粉处理后20d,三者土壤pH值分别较空白对照提高了0.40、0.63和0.40,草木灰颗粒剂对酸化土壤的改良效果最好;处理后60d,三者土壤pH值分别较空白对照提高了0.42、0.30和0.08,草木灰粉剂对酸化土壤的改良效果最好;基于烟草青枯病的病情指数AUDPC计算,从小到大依次为草木灰粉剂、草木灰颗粒剂、牡蛎壳粉、空白对照,草木灰粉剂和草木灰颗粒剂处理对烟草青枯病整个时期的防控效果分别为69.35%和28.43%.结合调酸效果、农艺性状和对青枯病的防效等指标综合分析,土壤酸化改良剂草木灰粉剂起垄条施的效果最优,可为今后在酸化烟田大面积运用调酸技术防控烟草青枯病提供理论基础和技术支撑.     

胆道镜结合微爆破碎石治疗复杂性胆道结石

目的：探讨微爆破碎石用于治疗复杂胆道结石的治疗体会。方法：在胆道镜直视下,分别在术中和术后对158例复杂的胆道结石患者进行微爆破碎石,然后用取石网取出碎石,泥沙状结石随液体流出或让其自行流入肠道。结果：158例患者156例取石成功。取石成功率98.73%。明显提高了胆道取石的成功率。无1例出现胆道穿孔、瘘道穿孔及胆道出血等严重并发症。结论：在胆道镜下,采用微爆破碎石术治疗复杂的胆道结石是一种安全、可靠、高效的方法,可以明显提高结石的取净率。     

B超引导下子宫内膜消融术治疗更年期功血51例临床分析

目的：探讨在B超引导下子宫内膜消融术治疗更年期功血的效果。方法：扩张宫颈至6．5号,吸宫,在B超监视下由子宫右前壁始向外刮凝,依次顺时针方向刮凝宫腔2周。结果：治愈31例（60．8％）,有效19例（37．3％）,好转1例（1．9％）,无效0例。结论：电凝刀子宫内膜消融术与其他更年期功血治疗方法相比,消融的范围及深度由B超监视,安全性高,创伤小,不开刀,恢复快,并且治愈率高,更容易在临床上推广。     

抗RA33 抗体与幼年特发性关节炎的诊断意义

目的:通过检测幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)患者血清中的抗RA33抗体,了解抗RA33抗体与幼年特发性关节炎的临床诊断价值。方法:采用酶联免疫固相分析检测81例JIA患儿(女19名,男62名,平均年龄8.6岁,平均病程1.4年)血清中抗RA33抗体、RF,同时以55例儿童系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)等其他关节性疾病或病毒感染患者和49例健康儿童作为对照组。阴阳性结果判断均采用试剂盒推荐的临界值。结果:81例JIA患儿中抗RA33抗体阳性率为11.11%(9/81),RF阳性率为12.35%(10/81),特异性均为91.35%;JIA组与正常对照组抗RA33抗体阳性率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),与其他关节性疾病对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。JIA组中抗RA33抗体的检出与RF无相关性(P>0.05);在JIA各亚型中抗RA33抗体主要存在于全身型和多关节型,各占33.3%和25.0%,RF则只出现于多关节型,占62.5%。两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。81例JIA患儿中共有18例关节出现影像学改变,其中4例抗RA33抗体阳性(22.2%),与未发生影像学改变的JIA患儿比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:抗RA33抗体尚不能作为JIA早期诊断的新的可靠性指标,抗RA33抗体主要见于全身型和多关节型,对JIA的分型有指导意义。     

GABAB 受体变构剂药学研究进展

Y-氨基丁酸B受体(GABAB receptor,GABABR)是最具有药理学意义的药物靶点之一,具有复杂而精细的激活机制.传统的GABABR靶点药物开发集中于激动剂和拮抗剂,这类药物受到多种因素的制约,包括较强的副作用、药物代谢困难、机体耐药性明显等.变构剂结合于正构位点之外,能够调节GABABR异源二聚体亚基或结构域间的相互作用.正向变构剂(positive allosteric modulators,PAMs)和负向变构剂(negative allosteric modulators,NAMs)分别可以提高或降低GABABR的活性,并具有较高的特异性和药物安全性,同时还能够保持GABABR信号在时间和空间上的可控性.变构剂为GABABR靶点药物开发提供了新思路.     

GABAB受体变构剂药学研究进展

Y-氨基丁酸B受体(GABAB receptor,GABABR)是最具有药理学意义的药物靶点之一,具有复杂而精细的激活机制.传统的GABABR靶点药物开发集中于激动剂和拮抗剂,这类药物受到多种因素的制约,包括较强的副作用、药物代谢困难、机体耐药性明显等.变构剂结合于正构位点之外,能够调节GABABR异源二聚体亚基或结构域间的相互作用.正向变构剂(positive allosteric modulators,PAMs)和负向变构剂(negative allosteric modulators,NAMs)分别可以提高或降低GABABR的活性,并具有较高的特异性和药物安全性,同时还能够保持GABABR信号在时间和空间上的可控性.变构剂为GABABR靶点药物开发提供了新思路.     

Pupal colour dimorphism in a desert swallowtail (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is driven by changes in food availability,not photoperiod

1. The swallowtail butterfly Battus polydamas archidamas Boisduval, 1936, exhibits polyphenism for pupal coloration (green and brown). It is distributed across arid regions with winter rains and is monophagous on Aristolochia plants, which emerge after the winter rains and dry out the during summer. Thus, day length does not covary positively with host plant productivity. It was hypothesised that pupal colour was driven by food availability, not photoperiod. The benefits of pupal coloration matching the colour of pupation sites in terms of field survival were also investigated to evaluate the adaptive value of pupa colour. 2. Larvae were reared under a factorial array of two photoperiods (LD 10:14 h and LD 14:10 h) and two food availability regimes (leaves ad libitum and available every other day) to assess the frequency of green and brown pupae. Field survival of green and brown pupae was quantified in three commonly used habitats that differ in background coloration (cacti, rocks and shrubs). 3. Food availability determined pupal colour. Larvae in the ad libitum regime resulted mostly in green pupae, while those with restricted food were mostly brown. In contrast, photoperiod did not influence pupal colour. Survival probability of pupae placed on cacti was higher than those placed on rocks and shrubs, and the lowest predation risk across habitats was for green pupae on cacti. 4. Food availability plays a major role in the seasonal polyphenism for pupal colour of specialist butterflies inhabiting arid environments with winter rains.     

B cell maturation in the chicken Harderian gland

We have characterized maturation of B lymphocytes in the chicken Harderian gland. Expression of Ig genes was studied by using lambda L and mu H chain-specific DNA probes. In unstimulated chickens, the concentration of mu H chain and lambda L chain mRNA in the Harderian gland was observed to be greater than 8 times higher than in the bursa of Fabricius or spleen. By using in situ hybridization, the plasma cells expressing mu mRNA were located in central area of the gland packed around the tubules. Antibodies produced by the Harderian plasma cells were measured from the tears before and after antigenic stimulation. In unstimulated chickens high levels of total IgM, IgA, and IgG were observed. After ocular stimulation with tetanus toxoid, specific antitetanus IgG and IgA antibodies appeared in the tears but IgM antibodies were barely detectable. These results indicate that after antigenic stimulation the Harderian B cells rapidly mature through IgM secretion to the production of IgG or IgA. Southern blot analysis of the Harderian total genomic DNA showed strong rearrangement in the lambda L chain locus. In contrast, the band indicating major rearrangement in the mu H chain locus gave a very poor hybridization signal, indicating deletion of C mu genes in the Harderian gland DNA. As a conclusion, our present data indicate for the Harderian gland a role in terminal B cell differentiation and Ig class switch.     

湖南瓦乡人体质特征研究

本文对308例(男156例,女152例)世居在湖南省沅陵县的瓦乡人进行了70项体质人类学指标(观察项目25项,测量项目45项)的调查, 并计算了21项体质指数, 对部分指数进行了分型统计。结果表明: 湖南瓦乡人毛发浓密, 黑而平直; 上睑皱褶出现率较高, 眼裂开度中等, 上斜型眼裂; 少蒙古褶; 鼻根较高, 鼻梁男多直形、女多凹形, 鼻基上翘, 鼻翼高度中等; 口裂宽度中度, 上唇皮肤部多正唇, 红唇较厚; 耳壳多椭圆或卵圆形, 耳垂形状多圆形。体质特征表现为身材矮短, 体型中间型; 窄肩型; 中腿型; 超狭面型; 圆头型、高头型、中头型; 中鼻型。与我国南方其他27个少数民族群体的头面部及身高10项测量值进行聚类分析, 结果显示湖南瓦乡人体质特征与云南独龙族及拉祜族最接近, 与广西傈僳族、广西侗族及湘西土家族次之。湖南瓦乡人属于蒙古人种的南亚类型, 具有现代黄种人的容貌特征。