Polyacetylenes from the rabbitbrush,Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Four new polyacetylenes, methyl Z,Z-10-acetoxymatricariate, methyl Z,Z-10-hydroxymatricariate, methyl 2(Z)-10-acetoxy-8,9-epoxydecen- 4,6-diynoate and methyl 2(Z)-10-hydroxy-8,9-epoxydecen-4,6-diynoate, were isolated from the composite Chrysothamnus nauseosus. These compounds are naturally-occurring antifeedants of the Colorado potato beetle. The assigned structures rest on their spectroscopic properties as well as chemical interconversions.     

In Vitro Metabolomic Approach to Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Induced by Trimethyltin

Search for indicators of neurodegenerative disorders is a hot topic where much research remains to be done. Our aim was to determine proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectra of brain metabolites in the trimethyltin (TMT) model of neurodegeneration. Male Wistar rats were subjected to TMT or saline and were sacrificed on day 3 or 24 after administration. ¹H-NMR spectrum was measured on the 600 MHz Varian VNMRS spectrometer in nano-probe in the volume of 40 μl of hippocampal extracts. TMT administration resulted in reduction of the hippocampal weight on day 24. Of the sixteen identified metabolite spectra, decreased aspartate and increased glutamine contents were observed in the initial asymptomatic stage of neurodegeneration on day 3 in hippocampal extracts of TMT exposed rats compared to sham animals. Increased myo-inositol content was observed on day 24. The presented data provide further knowledge about this experimental model and putative indicators of neuronal damage.     

Selective,chemical epilation in the treatment of tinea capitis as contrasted with the diffuse X-ray epilation

Summary After almost a decade of practical experience with the selective, chemical epilation as a most advanced method in the treatment of tinea capitis, a progress report is presented. The author's additional material covered 153 more cases of tinea microsporina, while DoctorGimby's material encompassed 849 cases during an epidemic of tinea microsporina at Sault St. Marie, Ontario, Canada.The formula of the Compound for selective, chemical epilation is given in the body of the paper. Despite the fact that the in vitro tests with its single ingredients (Copper sulfate, Chloral hydrate) revealed some fungistatic properties, the practical, clinical application of this preparation has nothing to do with its possible antifungal effect.The efficiency of the Compound is based solely upon its selective, chemical, epilatory power on fungus infected hairs only. The Compound completely penetrates the hair follicle in its whole depth and saturates the aerial and root portions of the hair from within. The infected hairs — and only the infected ones — are separated from the papila pili so that they can be simply brushed out from the scalp. The fungi are not killed by this method, because they cannot be killed in human tissues by any method.The Compound is neither an irritant, nor a sensitizer; it has no systemic effect. The total duration of the treatment with the Compound, if correctly and conscientiously carried out, is from two to four weeks.Simple instructions for the guardians are presented for the purpose to properly carry out the home-treatment.

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Zusammenfassung Nach der praktischen Erfahrung von beinahe einem Jahrzehnt mit der selektiven, chemischen Epilation, als die meist entwickelte Methode in der Behandlung der mykotischen Infektion der behaarten Kopfhaut, wird dieser Fortschrittsbericht erstattet. Des Autors Krankengut umfasste 153 zusätzliche Fälle von Tinea microsporina, während auf 849 Fälle sich DoktorGimby's Krankengut während einer Epidemie dieser Krankheit in Sault St. Marie, Ontario, Canada erstreckte.Die Formel des Mittels für die selektive, chemische Epilation ist in der Arbeit gegeben. Wie wohl die in vitro Tests mit den einzelnen Bestandteilen des Mittels (Kupfersulfat, Chloralhydrat) etwas fungistatische Wirkung gezeigt hatten, hat die praktische, klinische Anwendung dieses Mittels mit der möglichen, antifungalen Wirkung nichts zu tun.Die Wirksamkeit des Mittels beruht allein auf seiner selektiven, chemischen Eingenschaft, lediglich die Pilz-infizierten Haare von der Kopfhaut zu entfernen. Das selektive Mittel dringt in den Haarfollikelapparat in seine ganze Tiefe ein und durchtränkt den Haarschaft und die Haarwurzel in ihrer ganzen Dicke. Die infizierten Haare, — und nur die infizierten, — werden von der Papilla pili getrennt, so dass sie von der Kopfhaut einfach herausgebürstet werden können. Die Pilze werden dabei nicht getötet, weil man sie mit keiner Methode in dem menschlichen Gewebe töten kann.Weder reizt das selektive Mittel das Gewebe, noch macht es empfindlich. Es hat keine Systemwirkung. Die Dauer der Behandlung mit dem selektiven Mittel, wenn es genau und gewissenhaft angewendet wird, ist zwei bis vier Wochen.Eine einfache Anweisung für die Eltern für die genaue Ausführung der Behandlung ist gegeben.

     

Libri Novi

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Scale of population synchrony confirms macroecological estimates of minimum viable range size

Global ecosystems are facing a deepening biodiversity crisis, necessitating robust approaches to quantifying species extinction risk. The lower limit of the macroecological relationship between species range and body size has long been hypothesized as an estimate of the relationship between the minimum viable range size (MVRS) needed for species persistence and the organismal traits that affect space and resource requirements. Here, we perform the first explicit test of this assumption by confronting the MVRS predicted by the range-body size relationship with an independent estimate based on the scale of synchrony in abundance among spatially separated populations of riverine fish. We provide clear evidence of a positive relationship between the scale of synchrony and species body size, and strong support for the MVRS set by the lower limit of the range-body size macroecological relationship. This MVRS may help prioritize first evaluations for unassessed or data-deficient taxa in global conservation assessments.