湖北蕨类和种子植物分布新记录

报道了在鄂西北竹溪县发现的湖北蕨类和种子植物28个新记录种、1个新记录亚种及1个新记录变种。其中陕西羽叶报春（Primula filchnerae Knuth）曾被植物界视为可能灭绝的植物,为国内植物学者在野外首次重新发现,刺棒南星[Arisaema echinatum（Wall.）Schott]出现长距离间断分布新格局。文中引证的标本收藏入中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（PE）、武汉植物园标本馆（HIB）、昆明植物研究所标本馆（KUN）。     

柑桔抗寒研究的现状与展望

柑桔是一种经济价值极高但又常受冻害影响的亚热带果树,本文总结了柑桔抗寒研究取得的成果,介绍了对于柑桔抗寒研究还是空白但是在其他植物抗寒研究上取得的新进展,并由此提出了柑桔抗寒可在冷诱导蛋白、冷诱导基因和抗寒基因工程等方面进行探讨以及作者粗浅的研究设想。     

诱导耐药K562/ADM和转基因耐药K562/MDR细胞株的生物学行为和耐药机制的比较研究

目的探讨转多药耐药基因mdr1的K562/MDR细胞株作为单机制耐药模型的可行性,为进一步研究肿瘤耐药及其逆转奠定基础。方法实验分为3部分:(1)在电子显微镜下观察慢性髓细胞白血病急性红白变敏感细胞系K562,阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)诱导耐药细胞株K562/ADM和K562/MDR耐药细胞株的生物学行为;同时测定3种细胞系的群体倍增时间;以观察药物诱导和基因转移是否对细胞的生物学行为造成影响。(2)以K562细胞为对照,用MTT法分别测定阿霉素、柔红霉素(daunorubicin,DNR)、长春新碱(vincristine,VCR)对3种细胞的半数致死量(IC50)。(3)多药耐药相关基因与蛋白的检测。免疫细胞化学法观察mdr1基因编码的P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的表达;流式细胞术检测P-gp、bcl-2的表达百分率;生化法测定细胞内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活性;RT-PCR法检测拓扑异构酶(to-poisomeraseⅡ,topoⅡ)mRNA的表达变化。结果(1)在超微结构上,K562/ADM的细胞器—线粒体出现水肿,K562和K562/MDR未见明显异常;K562的群体倍增时间为19.67±3.10d;K562/MDR为20.40±1.80d;K562/ADM为28.47±1.75d;(2)K562/ADM和K562/MDR细胞对ADM的耐药倍数分别为23.1和1.2倍;对DNR为84.9和14.4倍;对VCR为298.3和10.1倍。(3)与K562比较,K562/ADM细胞的P-gp和Bcl-2蛋白表达率高且topoⅡcDNA片段大小发生变化;K562/MDR仅P-gp表达率高。结论K562/MDR的生物学行为与亲本细胞K562相似,耐药机制单一,可作为单机制耐药模型,对某一耐药基因进行更为深入精确的研究,也可针对该耐药基因准确地筛选相应的逆转剂。     

Exosomal miR-224 contributes to hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during bacterial infection in crustacean

It is well known that exosomes could serve as anti-microbial immune factors in animals. However, despite growing evidences have shown that the homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota was vital for immune regulation in crustaceans, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during pathogenic bacteria infection has not been addressed. Here, we reported that exosomes released from Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) could help to maintain the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota and have a protective effect on the mortality of the host during the infection process. We further confirmed that miR-224 was densely packaged in these exosomes, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex, then the released TRAF6 further interacted with Ecsit to regulate the production of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and the expression of Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) in recipient hemocytes, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in response to the pathogenic bacteria infection in mud crab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document that reports the role of exosome in the hemolymph microbiota homeostasis modulation during pathogen infection, which reveals the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and innate immune response in crustaceans.     

Evaluation of the Safety and Immune Efficacy of Recombinant Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strain Long Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidates

Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness(LRTI), and no vaccine against LRTI has proven to be safe and effective in infants. Our study assessed attenuated recombinant RSVs as vaccine candidates to prevent RSV infection in mice. The constructed recombinant plasmids harbored(5' to 3') a T7 promoter, hammerhead ribozyme, RSV Long strain antigenomic cDNA with cold-passaged(cp) mutations or cp combined with temperature-sensitive attenuated mutations from the A2 strain(A2cpts) or further combined with SH gene deletion(A2cpts△SH), HDV ribozyme(δ), and a T7 terminator. These vectors were subsequently co-transfected with four helper plasmids encoding N, P, L, and M2-1 viral proteins into BHK/T7-9 cells, and the recovered viruses were then passaged in Vero cells. The rescued recombinant RSVs(rRSVs) were named rRSV-Long/A2 cp, rRSV-Long/A2 cpts, and rRSV-Long/A2 cpts △SH, respectively, and stably passaged in vitro, without reversion to wild type(wt) at sites containing introduced mutations or deletion. Although rRSV-Long/A2 cpts and rRSV-Long/A2 cpts △SH displayed temperature-sensitive(ts)phenotype in vitro and in vivo, all rRSVs were significantly attenuated in vivo. Furthermore, BALB/c mice immunized with rRSVs produced Th1-biased immune response, resisted wt RSV infection, and were free from enhanced respiratory disease.We showed that the combination of △SH with attenuation(att) mutations of cpts contributed to improving att phenotype,efficacy, and gene stability of rRSV. By successfully introducing att mutations and SH gene deletion into the RSV Long parent and producing three rRSV strains, we have laid an important foundation for the development of RSV live attenuated vaccines.     

Voltammetric investigation on interaction of protein with chromotrope 2R and its analytical application

The electrochemical behaviors of the interaction of chromotrope 2R (CH2R) with human serum albumin (HSA) are investigated on the hanging mercury drop electrode with linear sweep voltammetry. In the acidic buffer solution (pH 2.5) CH2R has a well-defined voltammetric reductive wave at −0.34 V (SCE). On the addition of HSA into the CH2R solution, the reductive peak current of CH2R decreases with little movement of the peak potential. The voltammetric study shows that the electrochemical parameters of interaction solution do not change and a new electrochemically non-active complex is formed via interaction of CH2R with HSA, which cannot be reduced on the Hg electrode and results in the decrease of the free concentration of CH2R. The decrease of reductive peak current is proportional to HSA concentration and further used for protein detection. The binding ratio and the binding constant are further calculated with the experimental voltammetric data.     

CobB regulates Escherichia coli chemotaxis by deacetylating the response regulator CheY

The silent information regulator (Sir2) family proteins are NAD⁺‐dependent deacetylases. Although a few substrates have been identified, functions of the bacteria Sir2‐like protein (CobB) still remain unclear. Here the role of CobB on Escherichia coli chemotaxis was investigated. We used Western blotting and mass spectrometry to show that the response regulator CheY is a substrate of CobB. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) indicated that acetylation affects the interaction between CheY and the flagellar switch protein FliM. The presence of intact flagella in knockout strains ΔcobB, Δacs, Δ(cobB) Δ(acs), Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ), Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ) Δ(cobB) and Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ) Δ(acs) was confirmed by electron microscopy. Genetic analysis of these knockout strains showed that: (i) the ΔcobB mutant exhibited reduced responses to chemotactic stimuli in chemotactic assays, whereas the Δacs mutant was indistinguishable from the parental strain, (ii) CheY from the ΔcobB mutant showed a higher level of acetylation, indicating that CobB can mediate the deacetylation of CheY in vivo, and (iii) deletion of cobB reversed the phenotype of Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ). Our findings suggest that CobB regulates E. coli chemotaxis by deacetylating CheY. Thus a new function of bacterial cobB was identified and also new insights of regulation of bacterial chemotaxis were provided.     

Phage Resistance of a Marine Bacterium, Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114, as Revealed by Comparative Proteomics

Roseobacter is a dominant lineage in the marine environment. This group of bacteria is diverse in terms of both their phylogenetic composition and their physiological potential. Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114 is one of the most studied bacteria of the Roseobacter lineage. Recently, a lytic phage (RDJLΦ1) that infects this bacterium was isolated and a mutant strain (M1) of OCh114 that is resistant to RDJLΦ1 was also obtained. Here, we investigate the mechanisms supporting phage resistance of M1. Our results excluded the possibilities of several phage resistance mechanisms, including abortive infection, lysogeny, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) related mechanism. Adsorption kinetics assays revealed that adsorption inhibition might be a potential cause for the phage resistance of M1. Comparative proteomic analysis of M1 and OCh114 revealed significant changes in the membrane protein compliment of these bacteria. Five membrane proteins with important biological functions were significantly down-regulated in the phage-resistant M1. Meanwhile, several outer membrane porins with different modifications and an OmpA family domain protein were markedly up-regulated. We hypothesize that the down-regulated membrane proteins in M1 may serve as the potential phage receptors, whose absence prevented the adsorption of phage RDJLΦ1 to host cells and subsequent infection.     

性诱剂在沙棘木蠹蛾监测和控制中的应用

利用性诱剂在全国7个省9个地区对沙棘木蠹蛾Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua,Chou,Fang etChen进行连续3年的野外监测和控制,结果表明：沙棘木蠹蛾性诱剂具有较好的野外监测和诱集效果,其中,平均诱蛾量最高的达26.6头/诱捕器,日诱蛾量最高的为45.9头/d,诱捕器之间的最佳设置距离为120 m,诱捕效率达50%以上。沙棘木蠹蛾性诱剂已成为沙棘木蠹蛾控制中最重要的措施之一,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

空肠弯曲菌FlaA单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

【目的】原核表达空肠弯曲菌鞭毛蛋白FlaA,并制备其单克隆抗体。【方法】克隆目的基因并将其构建到pET30a(+)和pGEX-6p-1表达载体,分别以变复性纯化后的rHis-FlaA、rGST-FlaA蛋白为免疫原和检测原进行杂交瘤细胞的筛选。采用间接ELISA法测定细胞上清和单抗腹水效价,Dot-ELISA、Western blot分析单抗特异性。【结果】成功构建pET30a(+)-flaA和pGEX-6p-1-flaA重组原核表达质粒,并融合表达rHis-FlaA和rGST-FlaA蛋白,Western blot试验显示天然蛋白多抗血清能与体外表达的蛋白呈现特异性反应,表明表达蛋白具有免疫原性。筛选获得3株稳定分泌抗FlaA的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2D12、5E12、6A9,其Ig亚类分别为IgG2a、IgG1、IgG1,腹水效价分别为1∶102400,1∶102400和1∶51200;Western blot试验显示,3株单抗均能与表达rHis-FlaA重组蛋白的细菌发生特异性反应;Dot-ELISA试验表明,3株单抗均能与不同来源的空肠弯曲菌分离株发生特异性反应。【结论】本研究制备的单克隆抗体有较高特异性,具有良好的应用价值。为进一步研究空肠弯曲菌鞭毛蛋白的生物学特性、致病机理,以及建立快速检测技术奠定基础。