青海贵德、共和两盆地晚新生代哺乳动物

本文记述了青海省贵德及共和两盆地的几个含晚新生代哺乳动物化石地点的地层剖面及采自18个地点的26种(代表20个属)哺乳动物化石.对其中的 Myospalax arvicolinus, Microtus, Anancus, Leptobos crassus gonghenensis subsp. nov., L. vallisarni, Bison (Superbison) crassicornis, Boopsis breviceps作了较详细的描述和讨论.通过对动物群的分析初步确定了盆地主要堆积物的时代——贵德盆地:上新世—早更新世;共和盆地:早—中更新世,并简略探讨了两盆地的发育历史.     

Expression level of heterologous tat genes is crucial for in vivo reconstitution of a functional Tat translocase in Escherichia coli

The Tat system has the remarkable capacity of exporting proteins in folded conformation across the cytoplasmic membrane. The functional Tat translocase from Gram-negative bacteria consists of TatA, TatB and TatC proteins. To gain information about the species specificity of the Tat translocase, we cloned tat genes from Gram-negative pathogens Shigella flexneri 2a str. 301, Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, thermophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, Thermus thermophilus HB8 and from three Magnetospirillum species (AMB-1, MS-1 and MSR-1), and assessed the capacity of these Tat systems to restore the Tat-dependent growth defect of Escherichia coli tat mutants. We found that whereas the tat genes from the thermophilic bacterial and archaeal species were not functional in E. coli, other tat genes could all complement the phenotype of the E. coli tat mutants. In addition, a chimera composed of the N-terminus of V. cholerae TatE and C-terminus of M. magneticum TatA was functional. Whereas the expression of the tatABC genes from P. aeruginosa and Magnetospirillum strains must be induced to obtain a functional Tat system, overproduction of the V. cholerae TatABC proteins abolished the complementation. The complementation impairment seemed to be correlated with increasing level of slow-migrating TatC isoforms. In vitro studies showed that slow-migrating TatC isoforms in the purified V. cholerae TatABC complex increased with storage time. Together these results showed that the Tat translocases from the Gram-negative bacteria are generally functional in E. coli and the expression level is crucial for in vivo reconstitution of a functional Tat translocase.     

云南哀牢山徐家坝中山湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究

根据多年定位观察资料,包括从组成种的种子萌发、幼苗生长及成年物种的生长规律和物候节律对湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究,结果表明：林地种子贮量、可萌发种子量和萌发种数,雨季大于旱季。幼苗生长雨季快于旱季。表明雨季是种子萌发、幼苗生长的最佳季节。立木生长是种间竞争、自我调控、自疏的过程。成年物种各物候期长、不明显与温带阔叶林各物候期短、明显不同,而开花、结果、落果终年进行与西双版纳季节雨林物候节律相似。三者的不同在于季节雨林春季（２～３ 月）落叶,常绿阔叶林冬季（１１～１２ 月）落叶,温带阔叶林秋季（９～１０ 月）落叶。依据物种物候节律特点及其对气候环境的反应区分出３ 种生态物候型：１．暖温生态物候型（占总种数（５０）的８２％ ）;２．温性生态物候型（占１２％ ）;３．温凉生态物候型（占０．６％ ）     

Determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in milk and egg white samples using Ru(bipy)32+–Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence

A novel, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH) is described in this paper. The presented method was based on the fact that OTCH could immensely enhance the CL of the reaction of cerium sulfate and tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) in acidic medium. Under optimal experimental conditions, CL intensity was favorably linear for OTCH in the range 5.0 × 10^?7 to 5.0 × 10^?5 g/ml, with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10^?7 g/ml (S/N = 3). The relative standard detection was 4.76% for 5.0 × 10^?6 g/ml (n = 11). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of OTCH in milk and egg white samples. According to the results of the kinetic curves for OTCH in the Ru(bipy)₃²⁺–Ce(SO₄)₂ CL system, together with CL and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectra, the possible mechanism of the CL reaction is discussed briefly.     

用马来酰亚胺自旋标记研究库存血红细胞膜蛋白质构象

用两种马来酰亚胺自旋标记物—马来酰亚胺Ⅰ和马来酰亚胺Ⅴ研究了红细胞膜蛋白质构象及巯基结合位点性质在ACD-B方库存血保存期间的动态变化。结果发现,在35天的血液保存期间,马来酰亚胺Ⅰ所标记红细胞膜的S/w值很快下降到一低水平,而马来酰亚胺Ⅴ所标记红细胞膜的旋转相关时间则呈现迅速下降后缓慢升高的双相性变化。作者结合膜蛋白构象及其周围微观环境进行了讨论。     

Intercropping oilseed rape as a potential relay crop for enhancing the biological control of green peach aphids and aphid‐transmitted virus diseases

Tobacco viruses transmitted by green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), cause severe disease in flue‐cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), in China and throughout the world. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Longyan City, Fujian Province, China, to determine whether M. persicae and aphid‐transmitted virus diseases are affected by intercropping of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), in tobacco fields. The results showed that, compared with those in monocultured fields, the densities of M. persicae and winged aphids in intercropped fields significantly decreased in both 2016 and 2017. In particular, the appearance of winged aphids was delayed by ca. 7 days. Moreover, the densities of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of the aphid, significantly increased in 2016 and 2017. Accordingly, the incidence rates of aphid‐transmitted virus diseases (those caused by the cucumber mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and tobacco etch virus) significantly decreased in the intercropped fields in 2016 and 2017. Tobacco yields and monetary value significantly increased in 2016 (by 10–25 and 14–29%, respectively) and 2017 (by 17–22 and 22–34%, respectively). Consequently, our results suggest that intercropping oilseed rape in tobacco fields is a good approach to regulating and controlling aphids and tobacco mosaic viruses, for example potyvirus, and this intercropping can help control aphid‐transmitted virus diseases in tobacco.     

Ameliorative effect of berberine on renal damage in rats with diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin

Berberine (BBR) is one of the main constituents in Rhizoma coptidis and it has widely been used for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The aims of the study were to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of berberine on renal damage in diabetic rats. Diabetes and hyperglycaemia were induced in rats by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, such as i) control rats, ii) untreated diabetic rats iii) 250 mg/kg metformin-treated, iv and v) 100 and 200 mg/kg berberine-treated diabetic rats and treated separately for 8 weeks. The fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in rats. Kidneys were isolated at the end of the treatment for histology, Western blot analysis and estimation of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and renal advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). The results revealed that berberine significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats. The histological examinations revealed amelioration of diabetes-induced glomerular pathological changes following treatment with berberine. In addition, the protein expressions of nephrin and podocin were significantly increased. It seems likely that in rats berberine exerts an ameliorative effect on renal damage in diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. The possible mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of berberine may be related to inhibition of glycosylation and improvement of antioxidation that in turn upregulate the expressions of renal nephrin and podocin.     

小米psbA基因5''末端非编码区的结构特征

以小米(Setaria italica)为材料,克隆了含有叶绿体psbA基因的2.2kb EcoRⅠ片段,测定了该基因5＇末端非编码区的核苷酸序列。序列分析显示psbA基因5＇末端非编码区存在着与原核类似的启动子结构,其“-10”区的序列为TATACT,与原核生物“-10”共有基序(Consensus motif)仅相差一个核苷酸;其“-35”区的序列为TTGACA,与原核生物“-35”共有基序完全相同。另外,在“-10”区和“-35”区之间还存在着一个类似真核启动子结构的“TATATA”保守序列。这些结果表明小米psbA基因的启动子既具有原核的特征又具有真核的特征。小米psbA基因的mRNA前导序列长87bp,与高粱完全一致,而比水稻多出了“CTATTTT”7个核苷酸,比小麦、大麦和黑麦多出了“TTTT”4个核苷酸。因此推测在禾本科的C_3和C_4植物之间,psbA基因mRNA前导序列区的差异可能具有普遍性。计算机分析结果显示,以上6种植物的psbA基因mRNA前导序列区内均能形成小的茎环结构,而且这段“CTATTTT”额外序列恰好位于茎环结构中,造成了6种植物间茎环大小的差异。这一小的二级结构可能对psbA基因的表达调控有一定的影响。     

人染色体脆性位点部位的显微光谱学研究 Study of Microspectroscopy for the Position of the Fragile Sites in Human Chromosome

采用显微分光光度法,对染色体脆性位点的部位进行了显微光谱学研究。实验证明,带有脆点的染色体其DNA含量大多数趋向减少,少数略有增加,推测染色体脆性部位的产生是由于染色质DNA在高度凝缩形成中期染色体过程中超旋结构改变的结果。 The position of fragile sites in human chromosome was studied by means of the microspectroscopy. The results show that the amount DNA in chromosome with fragile sites decreases in most condition. We can suppose that the fragile sites of chromosome is caused by the superhelix structure changes of chromosome DNA during the formation of metaphase chromosome which is formed in high condensation.