Pollen and seed morphology of Gueldenstaedtia and Tibetia (Leguminosae) - with a special reference to the taxonomic significance

The pollen morphology of Gueldenstaedtia gansuensis. G. gracilis, G. henryi, G. monophylla. G. mutijlora, G. stenophylla. and G. verna and Tibetia liangshanensis, T. tongolensis, T. yadongensis. T. coelestis, and T yunnanensis are reported for the first time. The seed morphology of G. gracilis, G. maritima. G. monophylla, G. mutiflora, G. taihangensis, and G. verna and L coelestis, T. himalaica, T. yunnanensis, and T. yadongensis are firstly described here. In pollen morphology, the differences of pollen grains of Gueldenstaedtia and Tibetia are as follows: Gueldenstaedtia with pollen grains 3–colporate, psilate, and shapes spheroidal, sometimes subprolate, prolate or oblong; and Tibetia with pollen grains 3– and 4–colporate, perforate, shapes spheroidal, sometimes subprolate or prolate. These results, combined with the data of the basic chromosome number x=7 of Gueldenstaedtia and x=8 of Tibetia, support that the two genera should be recognized as two distinct genera, which are consistent with their morphological characters: Gueldenstaedtia with 2 upper lobes of calyx free, stipules free, adnate to petiole, and Tibetia with 2 upper lobes of calyx connate, stipules connate and opposite to leaves. In Tibetia, two types of pollen grains, 3– and 4–colporate pollen grains, are found. Regarding seed morphology: Gueldenstaedtia has circular depression, irregular circular depression or irregular circular reticulation on the surface; Tibetia has smooth surface. The differences in seed morphology of the two genera also support that they should be kept separate. The pollen morphology supports that G. gansuensis, G. gracilis, G. multiflora, G. stenophylla, and G. verna should be reduced into one species consistent with their morphological characteristics. The pollen grains of G. henryi are different from those of the other species in having wide colpi.     

Detection of Salmonella typhi by polymerase chain reaction

A rapid and sensitive method for detection of Salmonella typhi would help in preventing the spread of outbreaks and in clinical diagnosis. In order to develop unique PCR primers to detect Salm. typhi , ribosomal RNA genes from Salm. typhi (Rawlings) were cloned in pUC18. The resulting clone was confirmed by sequencing. The cloned DNA fragment contained the 5S, part of the 23S rRNA genes and the 5S-23S spacer region (EMBL/GenBank accession No. U04734).
It was expected that the 5S-23S spacer region is divergent unlike the highly conserved 23S+5S genes. This was confirmed by comparison with the rRNA gene sequences in the EMBL/GenBank database. A pair of PCR primers specific for Salm. typhi was obtained, based on this spacer region sequence. The specificity of this pair of primers was tested with 54 Salm. typhi strains (of 27 different phage types). All these Salm. typhi strains showed the positive 300 bp PCR product with this pair of primers. Six other Salmonella species as well as six other non- Salmonella bacteria were tested and none showed the 300 bp PCR product. The sensitivity of the detection level was 0·1 pg of pure Salm. typhi genomic DNA, or approximately 40 Salm. typhi cells in a spiked food sample. This pair of primers therefore has the potential for development into a diagnostic tool for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever.     

尿素氮-葡萄糖双功能分析仪的研究

由固定化脲酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸氧化酶、葡萄糖氧化酶的复合酶膜组成的双电极系统,可以同时测定尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量,每次进样量为25μl,20s即可测定出尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量。在0～60mg/dl尿素氮、0～500mg/dl葡萄糖范围内具有良好的线性关系。连续测定20次的变异系数分别为1.02％和1.05％。酶膜使用寿命为两星期以上。此仪器可广泛应用于临床检验和体育训练中。     

Poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants transformed with aBacillus thuringiensis toxin gene: insecticidal activity and genomic analysis

Insect-resistant poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants have been produced by infecting leaves withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying a binary vector containing different truncated forms of aBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) toxin gene under a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. Putative transgenic plants were propagated by cuttings at two experimental farms (in Beijing and Xinjiang, China). At 2–3 years after transformation, 17 of them were selected on the bases of insect-tolerance and good silvicultural traits, and evaluated for insect resistance, for the presence of theB.t. toxin DNA fragment (Southern blots and PCR) and for the expression of the transgene (western and northern blots). Somaclonal variation, as suggested by the appearance of permanent changes in the shape of the leaves, was also investigated with molecular tools (RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite DNA).Bioassays withApochemia cineraius andLymantria dispar on the leaves of the selected clones showed different and, in some cases, high levels of insecticidal activity. The molecular analysis demonstrated integration and expression of the foreign gene. Somatic changes were correlated to extensive genomic changes and were quantified in dendrograms, in terms of genomic similarity. The analysis of control plants suggested that genomic changes were correlated to thein vitro culture step necessary forA. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, rather than to the integration of the foreign genes.Three transgenic clones (12, 153 and 192), selected for insect resistance, reduced morphological changes and promising silvicultural traits, are now under large-scale field evaluation in six different provinces in China.     

国家自然科学基金评审程序剖析──1993年和1994年植物学科面上基金项目分析

国家自然科学基金评审程序剖析──１９９３年和１９９４年植物学科面上基金项目分析陈峰,朱大保（中国科学院武汉植物研究所武汉４３００７４）（国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部北京１０００８３）关键词基金,评审,科研立项,学科ＡＮＡＬＹＳＬＳＦＯＲＪＵＤＧＥ...     

人工栽培条件下三叶木通座果及果实生长特性研究

用栽培三叶木通为试材,研究了其座果及果实生长的特性。结果表明：人工栽培条件下,三叶木通座果（雌花）率可以提高到１３．５％,是野生三叶木通的２ １００％;以先年第１、２次攀援茎第３￣３０节位结果为主;３月底开花,花期３０ｄ左右。花后第２０￣５０ｄ（４月中旬至５月上旬）花序、雌花及幼果（子房）大量脱落,出现明显的脱落高峰。三叶木通果实纵向生长呈双Ｓ曲线布,生长期１５０ｄ左右,可划分成５个时期：受精结实     

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的研究及应用

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（serpin）是一类结构、序列同源的蛋白酶抑制剂,它是体内许多蛋白水解级联反应的调节因子,其遗传性结构或分泌异常将导致许多疾病．因此对于其结构及作用机理的研究将为临床应用提供依据．     

一类三维非线性系统空间周期解的存在性及唯一性

本文研究了一类描述天然林内红松林种群变化的三维非线性教学模型     

肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）及白细胞介素1β（IL1－β）对胶质增生的影响及机理

本文利用小鼠大脑机械损伤模型及体外培养的胶质细胞,采用同位素渗入法观察了细胞介素及其抗体对胶质细胞增生的影响。结果表明：体外培养时ＴＮＦ－α在浓度为１０～２００ｕ／ｍｌ培养液时均能促进胶质细胞增生（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＩＬ１－β在浓度为５～２００ｕ／ｍｌ培养液时能促进胶质细胞增生,ＴＮＦ－α＋ＩＬ１－β其促进胶质细胞增生作用更强烈,ＴＮＦ－α抗体能完全阻断ＴＮＦ－α的促增生作用,部分阻断ＴＮＦ－α＋ＩＬ１－β的促增生作用。在体实验时,ＩＬ１－β及ＴＮＦ－α的作用与离体时相似,ＩＬ１－β及ＴＮＦ－α亦能促进胶质细胞增生,二者共同作用时促细胞增生作用更强。以上结果提示,外源性ＴＮＦ－α及ＩＬ１－β能促进中枢神经损伤后胶质细胞增生且具有协同作用。     

林带中阻力分布的理论与实验研究

推导了风向垂直于林带走向时林带内的阻力分布的解析式,比较了３种所面形状林带的阻力分布特点,并用风洞实验资料进行了验证,简析了在实际生产中的应用．