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Documentation of use patterns of plants across national boundaries is of relevance in understanding the importance of plant resources to livelihood strategies of different ethnic groups. Plant resources have gained prominence as a natural asset through which families derive food, firewood, income, medicines and timber, enabling particularly poor communities to achieve self-sufficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate the trends in plant usage in South Africa and Zimbabwe. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted between January 2012 and January 2013 in the Limpopo Province, South Africa and the Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. The study used questionnaire surveys and interviews with a total of 143 participants to explore plant use patterns in South Africa and Zimbabwe. A total of 98 plant species were identified, with Zimbabwe contributing 70 species and 47 species from South Africa. The uses were classified into 15 categories, major use categories were firewood, food plants, medicine and timber. Food plant was a major plant use category in Zimbabwe, contributing 55.1%, followed by medicinal plants (36.8%), firewood (35.7%) and timber (31.6%). In contrast, firewood was the major plant use category in South Africa, contributing 18.4%, followed by food plants (17.3%), medicinal (14.3%) and timber (1.0%). Comparison of the two countries demonstrated remarkable differences in plant use patterns. The results showed that rural households in Zimbabwe were more reliant on plant resources than their counterparts in South Africa. Such a trend could be attributed to a close relationship between the local people, and their natural and agricultural environment leading to a rich knowledge base on plants, plant use and related practices. This comparative analysis strengthens the firm belief that utilization of plant resources represents an important shared heritage, preserved over the centuries, which must be exploited in order to provide further new and useful body of ethnobotanical knowledge. 相似文献
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Wither J Cai YC Lim S McKenzie T Roslin N Claudio JO Cooper GS Hudson TJ Paterson AD Greenwood CM Gladman D Pope J Pineau CA Smith CD Hanly JG Peschken C Boire G;CaNIOS Investigators Fortin PR 《Arthritis research & therapy》2008,10(5):R108-13
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a genetically complex disease. Currently, the precise allelic polymorphisms associated with this condition remain largely unidentified. In part this reflects the fact that multiple genes, each having a relatively minor effect, act in concert to produce disease. Given this complexity, analysis of subclinical phenotypes may aid in the identification of susceptibility alleles. Here, we used flow cytometry to investigate whether some of the immune abnormalities that are seen in the peripheral blood lymphocyte population of lupus patients are seen in their first-degree relatives.Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the subjects, stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify various cellular subsets, and analyzed by flow cytometry.Results
We found reduced proportions of natural killer (NK)T cells among 367 first-degree relatives of lupus patients as compared with 102 control individuals. There were also slightly increased proportions of memory B and T cells, suggesting increased chronic low-grade activation of the immune system in first-degree relatives. However, only the deficiency of NKT cells was associated with a positive anti-nuclear antibody test and clinical autoimmune disease in family members. There was a significant association between mean parental, sibling, and proband values for the proportion of NKT cells, suggesting that this is a heritable trait.Conclusions
The findings suggest that analysis of cellular phenotypes may enhance the ability to detect subclinical lupus and that genetically determined altered immunoregulation by NKT cells predisposes first-degree relatives of lupus patients to the development of autoimmunity. 相似文献34.
A report on the First International Symposium of the Austrian Proteomics Platform, Seefeld, Austria, 26-29 January 2004. 相似文献
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Background
In many areas of medical research, a bivariate analysis is desirable because it simultaneously tests two response variables that are of equal interest and importance in two populations. Several parametric and nonparametric bivariate procedures are available for the location problem but each of them requires a series of stringent assumptions such as specific distribution, affine-invariance or elliptical symmetry. 相似文献37.
Vassilis Aidinis Piero Carninci Maria Armaka Walter Witke Vaggelis Harokopos Norman Pavelka Dirk Koczan Christos Argyropoulos Maung-Maung Thwin Steffen M?ller Kazunori Waki Ponnampalam Gopalakrishnakone Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli Hans-Jürgen Thiesen Yoshihide Hayashizaki George Kollias 《PLoS genetics》2005,1(5)
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FOXOs support the metabolic requirements of normal and tumor cells by promoting IDH1 expression
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The Notch pathway contributes to self-renewal of tumor-initiating cell and inhibition of normal colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Deregulated expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 is observed in colorectal cancer. Hairy/enhancer of split (HES) family, the most characterized targets of Notch, involved in the development of many cancers. In this study, we explored the role of Hes1 in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Knocking down Hes1 induced CRC cell senescence and decreased the invasion ability, whereas over-expression of Hes1 increased STAT3 phosphorylation activity and up-regulated MMP14 protein level. We further explored the expression of Hes1 in human colorectal cancer and found high Hes1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. These findings suggest that Hes1 regulates the invasion ability through the STAT3-MMP14 pathway in CRC cells and high Hes1 expression is a predictor of poor prognosis of CRC. 相似文献
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Ali Ebrahim Eivind Almaas Eugen Bauer Aarash Bordbar Anthony P Burgard Roger L Chang Andreas Dräger Iman Famili Adam M Feist Ronan MT Fleming Stephen S Fong Vassily Hatzimanikatis Markus J Herrgård Allen Holder Michael Hucka Daniel Hyduke Neema Jamshidi Sang Yup Lee Nicolas Le Novère Joshua A Lerman Nathan E Lewis Ding Ma Radhakrishnan Mahadevan Costas Maranas Harish Nagarajan Ali Navid Jens Nielsen Lars K Nielsen Juan Nogales Alberto Noronha Csaba Pal Bernhard O Palsson Jason A Papin Kiran R Patil Nathan D Price Jennifer L Reed Michael Saunders Ryan S Senger Nikolaus Sonnenschein Yuekai Sun Ines Thiele 《Molecular systems biology》2015,11(10)