全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2366篇 |
免费 | 172篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
2541篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 79篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 55篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 67篇 |
2016年 | 91篇 |
2015年 | 105篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 193篇 |
2012年 | 210篇 |
2011年 | 199篇 |
2010年 | 123篇 |
2009年 | 105篇 |
2008年 | 142篇 |
2007年 | 141篇 |
2006年 | 118篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 81篇 |
2003年 | 78篇 |
2002年 | 69篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2541条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Jeong JB Kim HY Jun LJ Lyu JH Park NG Kim JK Jeong HD 《Diseases of aquatic organisms》2008,78(3):209-215
We examined the distribution of iridoviruses in 10 freshwater ornamental fish species hatched in Korea and imported from other Asian countries using both 1-step and 2-step polymerase chain reation (PCR). None of the 10 fish species analyzed were free of iridovirus as shown by 2-step PCR positive results, and 3 species yielded 1-step PCR positive results with associated mortality. Cloned PCR amplicons of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and major capsid protein (MCP) genes in genomic DNA of iridovirus showed the same nucleotide sequences as that of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) isolated from the mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi. These results indicate the presence of ISKNV disease in various ornamental fish as new host species and that the disease is widespread throughout different Asian countries including Korea, Singapore and China. Such infections were either clinical with associated mortality (and 1-step PCR positive) or asymptomatic in fish that were externally healthy (and only positive in 2-step PCR). Molecular analyses of the K2 region performed on iridovirus samples isolated from freshwater ornamental fishes revealed deletion/insertion of repetitive sequences of various lengths (42 to 339 bp), depending on the ISKNV isolates, without substitutions. Experimental infection of pearl gourami Trichogaster leeri and silver gourami T. microlepis with a tissue homogenate of pearl gourami infected by ISKNV induced 70 and 20% cumulative mortalities in the pearl and silver gourami, respectively. 相似文献
82.
Lee HJ Moon HS Jang do S Cha HJ Hong BH Choi KY Lee HC 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》2008,40(1):65-70
We used xenon-perturbed 1H–15N multidimensional NMR to investigate the structural changes in the urea-induced equilibrium unfolding of the dimeric ketosteroid
isomerase (KSI) from Pseudomonas putida biotype B. Three limited regions located on the β3-, β5- and β6-strands of dimeric interface were significantly perturbed by urea in the early stage of KSI unfolding, which could lead
to dissociation of the dimer into structured monomers at higher denaturant concentration as the interactions in these regions
are weakened. The results indicate that the use of xenon as an indirect probe for multidimensional NMR can be a useful method
for the equilibrium unfolding study of protein at residue level. 相似文献
83.
Graham F. Hatfull Deborah Jacobs-Sera Welkin H. Pope Ching-Chung Ko Manisha C. Patel Robert H. Edgar Charles A. Bowman Elizabeth C. Paladin Alexis L. Smith Thuy T. Pham Amy M. Vogelsberger Jessica L. Wynalek Matt W. Bogel Steven G. Cresawn 《Journal of molecular biology》2010,397(1):119-221
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts. Expansion of a collection of sequenced phage genomes to a total of 60—all infecting a common bacterial host—provides further insight into their diversity and evolution. Of the 60 phage genomes, 55 can be grouped into nine clusters according to their nucleotide sequence similarities, 5 of which can be further divided into subclusters; 5 genomes do not cluster with other phages. The sequence diversity between genomes within a cluster varies greatly; for example, the 6 genomes in Cluster D share more than 97.5% average nucleotide similarity with one another. In contrast, similarity between the 2 genomes in Cluster I is barely detectable by diagonal plot analysis. In total, 6858 predicted open-reading frames have been grouped into 1523 phamilies (phams) of related sequences, 46% of which possess only a single member. Only 18.8% of the phams have sequence similarity to non-mycobacteriophage database entries, and fewer than 10% of all phams can be assigned functions based on database searching or synteny. Genome clustering facilitates the identification of genes that are in greatest genetic flux and are more likely to have been exchanged horizontally in relatively recent evolutionary time. Although mycobacteriophage genes exhibit a smaller average size than genes of their host (205 residues compared with 315), phage genes in higher flux average only 100 amino acids, suggesting that the primary units of genetic exchange correspond to single protein domains. 相似文献
84.
Sangheun Lee Beom Kyung Kim Seung Up Kim Yehyun Park Sooyun Chang Jun Yong Park Do Young Kim Sang Hoon Ahn Chae Yoon Chon Kwang-Hyub Han 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
Although sorafenib is accepted as the standard of care in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its therapeutic benefit is marginal. Here, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sorafenib monotherapy (S-M) and sorafenib-based loco-regional treatments (S-LRTs) in advanced HCC.Methods
From 2007 to 2012, 290 patients with advanced HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C) with S-M (n = 226) or S-LRTs (n = 64) were reviewed retrospectively. Survival outcomes and treatment-related toxicities between two groups were analyzed.Results
Variables related to tumor burden and liver function were similar between the groups (all P > 0.05). Within the entire population, the S-LRTs group had both longer median overall survival (OS) (8.5 vs 5.5 months, P = 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (5.3 vs 3.0 months, P = 0.002) than the S-M group. Furthermore, the S-LRTs group had longer Os than the S-M group in a subgroup with neither extrahepatic spread (EHS) nor regional nodal involvement (RNI) (18.0 vs 7.8 months, P = 0.019) and in a subgroup with EHS and/or RNI (8.3 vs 4.8 months, P = 0.028). In addition, the S-LRTs group had longer PFS than the S-M group in the subgroup with neither EHS nor RNI (9.6 vs 3.2 months, P = 0.027).Treatment
Related toxicity was similar between two groups.Conclusion
Combined use of sorafenib and LRTs may provide better treatment outcomes without significantly increasing treatment-related toxicities, even in patients with EHS and/or RNI. Therefore, addition of active LRTs might be considered, if feasible. 相似文献85.
86.
Here we describe a proteomic approach to detect fibrinolytic enzymes from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis 168. Following isoelectric focusing without dithiothreitol, two gels, one for sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the other for zymography, were run in parallel. After silver staining of SDS-PAGE and activity staining of zymography gel, the two gels were superimposed to detect protein spots that coincided with clear zones on the zymography gel. We identified four protein spots and characterized them with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Database search revealed that four spots contained at least one of the extracellular serine proteases such as WprA and Vpr. This combined method of two-dimensional gel and zymography can be used as a powerful tool to detect proteases from various organisms. 相似文献
87.
Truong Xuan Dai Hoang Nghia Son Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi Hoang Nghia Quang Huy Nguyen Thai Minh Nguyen Thi Thuy Tram Nguyen Thi Thuong Huyen To Minh Quan Doan Chinh Chung Truong Hai Nhung Tran Thi Minh Tran Hong Diem Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai Le Thanh Long 《Current issues in molecular biology》2021,43(3):2210
Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca cells. However, the effects of microgravity on these cells have not been well characterized, especially in granulosa cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and morphology of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). pGC proliferation from the SMG group was inhibited, demonstrated by the reduced O.D. value and cell density in the WST-1 assay and cell number counting. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited an increased ratio of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decreased ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), leading to the prevention of the G1-S transition and inducing the arrest phase. pGCs under the SMG condition showed an increase in nuclear area. This caused a reduction in nuclear shape value in pGCs under the SMG condition. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited different morphologies, including fibroblast-like shape, rhomboid shape, and pebble-like shape. These results revealed that SMG inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in pGCs. 相似文献
88.
YR Kim JS Kim YH Min DH Yoon HJ Shin YC Mun Y Park YR Do SH Jeong JS Park SY Oh S Lee EK Park JS Jang WS Lee HW Lee H Eom JS Ahn J Jeong SK Baek SJ Kim WS Kim C Suh 《Journal of hematology & oncology》2012,5(1):49
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for survival in patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the adrenal gland. METHODS: Thirty one patients diagnosed with primary adrenal DLBCL from 14 Korean institutions and treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) were analyzed. RESULTS: Complete remission (CR) and overall response rate after R-CHOP chemotherapy were 54.8% and 87.0%. The 2-year estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 68.3% and 51.1%. In patients achieving CR, significant prolongations of OS (P = 0.029) and PFS (P = 0.005) were observed. Ann Arbor stage had no influence on OS. There was no significant difference in OS between patients with unilateral involvement of adrenal gland and those with bilateral involvement. When staging was modified to include bilateral adrenal involvement as one extranodal site, early stage (I or II) significantly correlated with longer OS (P = 0.021) and PFS (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to prior reports, our data suggests that outcomes of primary adrenal DLBCL are encouraging using a regimen of R-CHOP, and that achieving CR after R-CHOP is predictive of survival. Likewise, our modified staging system may have prognostic value. 相似文献
89.
Hierarchical likelihood approach for frailty models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5