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Shi Liangliang Han Yong Huang Hongwu Davidsson Johan Thomson Robert 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2020,19(5):1845-1863
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various head injury criteria and associated risk functions in prediction of vulnerable road... 相似文献
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Michael W. Klunzinger Gordon J. Thomson Stephen J. Beatty David L. Morgan Alan J. Lymbery 《Molluscan research.》2013,33(2):104-109
Most freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionoida) larvae (glochidia in Margaritiferidae, Hyriidae and Unionidae) are fish parasites. Knowledge of the larval morphology and the mechanism of release in freshwater mussels is useful in species systematics and ecology. Westralunio carteri is the only unionoid from south-western Australia. Little information is available on its biology and its glochidia have never been described. The aim of this study was to describe the glochidia of W. carteri and method of their release. Glochidia within vitelline membranes were embedded in mucus which extruded from exhalent siphons of females during spring/summer; they then hatched from vitelline membranes but remained tethered by a larval thread and began characteristically “winking”. Shells (n=120) were subtriangular, 308 μm long (±0.83 SE), 251 μm high (±0.73 SE) and had a hinge length of 212 μm (±0.78 SE). Larval teeth were singular with interlocking cusps and convex or concave basal protuberances on opposing valves. 相似文献
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A. C. Povey F. Jury W. M. Dippnall A. E. Smith S. Thomson B. Mackness 《Biomarkers》2013,18(2):188-202
Previously we reported that in sheep dippers exposed to organophosphates the frequency of paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms differed between those with or without self-reported ill health. We have now examined whether polymorphisms in other genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism alter disease risk in this population. There were elevated but non-significant risks associated with the CYP2D6 WT genotype (odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% CI 0.83–2.60), or a GSTP1*B or *C allele (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.88–2.01) or being GSTM1*2/GSTT1*2 homozygous (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.74–3.48). Similar results were generally obtained after the exclusion of subjects to obtain a more homogenous case-referent population: for double null GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygotes the OR was 2.06 (95% CI 0.85–2.04). In those also likely to have been exposed to diazinon, risks associated with a GSTP1*B or *C allele (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.92–3.63) or a GSTM1*2/GSTT1*2 homozygous (OR 2.60, 95% CI 0.72–10.42) were elevated but not to a significant extent. Risk associated with PON1 genotype and phenotype varied with CYP2D6 and GSTP1 genotype but not consistently with a priori hypotheses. Further work is necessary to delineate more clearly pathways of organophosphate activation and non-PON1 pathways of detoxification and to confirm whether CYP and GST polymorphisms alter disease risk in populations exposed to organophosphates. 相似文献
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Benjamin G. Jacob Robert J. Novak Laurent D. Toe Moussa Sanfo Daniel A. Griffith Thomson L. Lakwo Peace Habomugisha Moses N. Katabarwa Thomas R. Unnasch 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(7)
Background
Recently, most onchocerciasis control programs have begun to focus on elimination. Developing an effective elimination strategy relies upon accurately mapping the extent of endemic foci. In areas of Africa that suffer from a lack of infrastructure and/or political instability, developing such accurate maps has been difficult. Onchocerciasis foci are localized near breeding sites for the black fly vectors of the infection. The goal of this study was to conduct ground validation studies to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a remote sensing model developed to predict S. damnosum s.l. breeding sites.Methodology/Principal Findings
Remote sensing images from Togo were analyzed to identify areas containing signature characteristics of S. damnosum s.l. breeding habitat. All 30 sites with the spectral signature were found to contain S. damnosum larvae, while 0/52 other sites judged as likely to contain larvae were found to contain larvae. The model was then used to predict breeding sites in Northern Uganda. This area is hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis, but political instability had precluded mass distribution of ivermectin until 2009. Ground validation revealed that 23/25 sites with the signature contained S. damnosum larvae, while 8/10 sites examined lacking the signature were larvae free. Sites predicted to have larvae contained significantly more larvae than those that lacked the signature.Conclusions/Significance
This study suggests that a signature extracted from remote sensing images may be used to predict the location of S. damnosum s.l. breeding sites with a high degree of accuracy. This method should be of assistance in predicting communities at risk for onchocerciasis in areas of Africa where ground-based epidemiological surveys are difficult to implement. 相似文献130.
Jessica P. Ridgway Lance R. Peterson Eric C. Brown Hongyan Du Courtney Hebert Richard B. Thomson Jr Karen L. Kaul Ari Robicsek 《PloS one》2013,8(11)