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Polypterids, the most basal actinopterygians, are a group of fish long-considered living fossils and holding a key position for understanding fish and tetrapod evolution. Knowledge of the natural history of Polypterus is limited, their having been studied in little detail since the early 1900s. The locomotory habits of wild Polypterus senegalus from Lake Albert, Uganda, were investigated in 2014. High-speed videography demonstrated the capability of large Polypterus to move overland successfully. Contrary to previous evidence, field observations found that terrestrial locomotion in Polypterus is not inherently restricted by body size. Evidence that Polypterus exhibit this behaviour as part of their natural life history can be found in the existence of environmental challenges and the presence of adaptations for amphibious life. 相似文献
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This study examines the ecological effects of serial impoundments (three dams) on a rocky upland stream in southeastern Australia.
Physical, chemical and biological changes were quantified and interpreted within a three-level hierarchy of effects model
developed previously by Petts [1984, Impounded Rivers. John Wiley and Sons, New York] and the Australian Rivers Assessment
System (AUSRIVAS) to predict pre-dam biota. First-order effects were decreased median monthly discharges and floods of lesser
magnitude following construction of the dams. No effect on water characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity and major ions)
was evident. The second-order effect on channel morphology was a decrease in bank-full cross-sectional area by up to 75% because
of reduced flows. At all sites, the predominantly cobble streambed was armoured and generally highly stable. The discharge
required to initiate movement of the streambed surface sediments (38.9 m3 s−1) was 40% less frequent since construction of the dams, implying alteration to the natural disturbance regime for benthic
biota. Benthic algal growth appeared more prolific at sites directly below dams. Fewer macroinvertebrate taxa than expected
and modified assemblages within 1 km of all three dams were third-order effects. Compared to reference conditions, macroinvertebrate
samples from the sites directly below the dams had relatively more Chironomidae larvae, Oligochaeta and Acarina, and fewer
of the more sensitive taxa, Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera. Biological recovery to the macroinvertebrate
assemblage was evident within 4 km downstream of the second dam. 相似文献
77.
Joyce JBC van Beers Annemiek Willemze Jeroen J Jansen Gerard HM Engbers Martin Salden Jos Raats Jan W Drijfhout Annette HM van der Helm-van Mil Rene EM Toes Ger JM Pruijn 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(5):R140
Introduction
Autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides/proteins (ACPA) are found in approximately 75% of the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The RA-specific ACPA are frequently present prior to disease onset and their presence associates with a more erosive disease course. ACPA can therefore be used to aid the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Recently, it became clear that ACPA are very heterogeneous, both in an individual patient and among different patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinically meaningful ACPA profiles exist in early RA patients.Methods
Twenty citrullinated peptides and the corresponding non-citrullinated control peptides were immobilized on microarray sensor chips. Sera from 374 early arthritis patients were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance imaging (iSPR) of biomolecular interactions on the sensor chip.Results
Cluster analysis of the reactivities with the citrullinated peptides, after subtraction of the reactivities with the corresponding control peptides confirmed the heterogeneity of the ACPA response in RA and revealed 12 distinct ACPA profiles. The association of the 5 most frequent profiles with clinical features at diagnosis and during the disease course was examined, showing no statistically significant associations.Conclusions
Compared to the detection of ACPA in RA sera by CCP-based assays, ACPA profiling in early arthritis patients did not reveal associations with disease activity and progression scores. 相似文献78.
Kaczmarek K Studencka M Meinhardt A Wieczerzak K Thoms S Engel W Grzmil P 《Molecular biology of the cell》2011,22(10):1766-1779
Peroxisomal testis-specific 1 gene (Pxt1) is the only male germ cell-specific gene that encodes a peroxisomal protein known to date. To elucidate the role of Pxt1 in spermatogenesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing a c-MYC-PXT1 fusion protein under the control of the PGK2 promoter. Overexpression of Pxt1 resulted in induction of male germ cells' apoptosis mainly in primary spermatocytes, finally leading to male infertility. This prompted us to analyze the proapoptotic character of mouse PXT1, which harbors a BH3-like domain in the N-terminal part. In different cell lines, the overexpression of PXT1 also resulted in a dramatic increase of apoptosis, whereas the deletion of the BH3-like domain significantly reduced cell death events, thereby confirming that the domain is functional and essential for the proapoptotic activity of PXT1. Moreover, we demonstrated that PXT1 interacts with apoptosis regulator BAT3, which, if overexpressed, can protect cells from the PXT1-induced apoptosis. The PXT1-BAT3 association leads to PXT1 relocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In summary, we demonstrated that PXT1 induces apoptosis via the BH3-like domain and that this process is inhibited by BAT3. 相似文献
79.
Background
Interferon-α in combination with ribavirin is the current gold standard for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. It is unknown if the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (TD) during treatment confers an improved chance of achieving sustained virologic response. The aim of this study is to assess the chance of achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients who developed TD during treatment when compared with those who did not.Methods
We performed a tertiary hospital-based retrospective nested case-control analysis of 19 patients treated for hepatitis C who developed thyroid disease, and 76 controls (matched for age, weight, gender, cirrhosis and aminotransferase levels) who did not develop TD during treatment. Multivariate logistic-regression models were used to compare cases and controls.Results
The development of TD was associated with a high likelihood of achieving SVR (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 24.6) for the pooled group containing all genotypes. The likelihood of achieving SVR was increased in individuals with genotype 1 HCV infection who developed TD (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 22.3), and all genotype 3 patients who developed TD achieved SVR.Conclusions
Development of TD during treatment for hepatitis C infection is associated with a significantly increased chance of achieving SVR. The pathophysiogical mechanisms for this observation remain to be determined.Trial Registration
The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRB12610000830099 相似文献80.
WalterDuartedeAraujo Filho Fábio Kurt Schneider Rigoberto EM Morales 《Biomedical engineering online》2012,11(1):1-14