Estimating the rate of photorespiration in leaves

The influence of Li⁺ on the circumnutations of hypocotyls of Helianthus annuus L . cv. Californicus was investigated. LiCl at concentration levels from 0 to 40 m M (lethal) was added to intact hypocotyls grown in liquid nutrient medium. The Li⁺ concentration in the hypocotyls was measured by flame photometry. The growth of the hypocotyls was not affected by the LiCl.
Amplitude and frequency of the circumnutations were determined by correlation analysis. The oscillatory pattern of the movements became less regular at concentrations above 10 m M LiCl. The amplitude of the movements was reduced for concentrations above 7 m M LiCl. The frequency of the movements was reduced when LiCl was increased from 0 to 10 m M . Above 10 m M LiCl the frequency of the circumnutations was higher than for control plants. The results showed that circumnutations of sunflower hypocotyls can be added to the group of oscillators in biological organisms that are affected by Li⁺.     

Evidence suggesting a role for sperm metalloendoprotease activity in penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by human sperm

It has been reported that metalloendoprotease (MEP) activity is involved in somatic cell membrane fusion events and in the sea urchin sperm acrosome reaction (AR). MEP activity also has been demonstrated in human and other mammalian sperm. The present study was concerned with investigating whether a human sperm MEP is important in membrane events necessary for sperm egg fusion. Ejaculated human sperm were washed, capacitated in vitro, and preincubated with the competitive MEP inhibitors phosphoramidon (50 microM) or CBZ-L-phenylalanine (1 mM), with 100 microM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a heavy metal chelator, or as controls, with the appropriate solvents. The AR was initiated in vitro with preovulatory human follicular fluid and the sperm washed to dilute inhibitors and then coincubated with zona-free golden hamster eggs (zonae and cumuli removed with trypsin and hyaluronidase, respectively). Eggs were washed after 0.5 h, and the number of sperm remaining bound was counted. After 2.5 h further incubation, the eggs were stained with acetolacmoid or acetoorcein and penetration was assayed by counting the number of decondensed sperm heads per egg (penetration index) and the percent of penetrated eggs. The inhibitor treatments did not decrease the percentage of penetrated eggs (range 80-90%), but a significant reduction in the penetration index was observed. Phosphoramidon reduced the penetration index by 45%, CBZ-L-phenylalanine by 57%, and DTPA by 56%. None of the inhibitors decreased the penetration index or the percentage of penetrated eggs when added directly to suspensions of acrosome-reacted sperm and zona-free eggs at the diluted levels that would have been present after washing inhibitor-treated sperm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The nucleotide sequence of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT48 conferring inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance and comparison with similar plasmids expressing constitutive resistance

The complete nucleotide sequence of a naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus plasmid, pT48 (from S. aureus strain T48), has been determined. The 2475 bp plasmid confers inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) type antibiotics. It is similar to the constitutive MLS resistance plasmid, pNE131, from Staphylococcus epidermidis and shows homology with S. aureus plasmids pSN2 and pE194. It contains a palA structure homologous to that on S. aureus plasmid pT181. The open reading frame, ORF B, within the pSN2 homologous region has a frameshifted C-terminus, relative to pNE131, resulting in a smaller, 158 amino acid putative polypeptide. The pE194 homologous region has the ermC resistance determinant and retains the leader region, deleted in pNE131, required for inducible expression of an adenine methylase. Another naturally occurring S. aureus strain, J74, shows constitutive resistance to erythromycin and contains a small plasmid, pJ74, which is similar to pNE131 but with a different deletion in the leader sequence. The results are consistent with the translational attenuation model for ermC expression.     

Methode zum Nachweis der Dauersporen des Kohlhernieerregers Plasmodiophora brassicae in gärtnerischen Kultursubstraten

Populations of pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were monitored on apparently healthy leaves, blossoms, and fruit from two apple orchards with known histories of blister bark and a pear orchard with a known history of blossom blast. Populations on blossoms and fruits were higher on pears than on apples. Yellow-pigmented, non-pathogenic bacteria might have suppressed or masked the presence of P. syringae pv. syringae on apple trees. Populations of P. syringae pv. syringae on apple and pear leaves fluctuated sharply but higher levels generally occurred during the 1984/85 growing season than during the drier 1983/84 season. This investigation indicates that the resident phase of P. syringae pv. syringae is probably a major source of inoculum for apple blister bark and pear blossom blast in South Africa.     

Physical fine mapping of genes underlying X-linked deafness and non fra(X)-X-linked mental retardation at Xq21

Summary Linkage studies and cytogenetically visible deletions associated with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) and a specific form of deafness (DFN3) have indicated that the genes responsible for these disorders are located at Xq21. Using DNA probes from this region, we have studied several overlapping deletions spanning different parts of Xq21. This has enabled us to assign the DFN3 gene and a gene for nonspecific XLMR to an interval that encompasses the locus DXS232 and that is flanked by DXS26 and DXS121.