全文获取类型
收费全文 | 59492篇 |
免费 | 5689篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
65203篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 243篇 |
2022年 | 503篇 |
2021年 | 1005篇 |
2020年 | 632篇 |
2019年 | 807篇 |
2018年 | 992篇 |
2017年 | 864篇 |
2016年 | 1476篇 |
2015年 | 2442篇 |
2014年 | 2705篇 |
2013年 | 3158篇 |
2012年 | 4210篇 |
2011年 | 4073篇 |
2010年 | 2581篇 |
2009年 | 2345篇 |
2008年 | 3383篇 |
2007年 | 3433篇 |
2006年 | 3259篇 |
2005年 | 3092篇 |
2004年 | 3029篇 |
2003年 | 2772篇 |
2002年 | 2704篇 |
2001年 | 872篇 |
2000年 | 713篇 |
1999年 | 815篇 |
1998年 | 854篇 |
1997年 | 589篇 |
1996年 | 513篇 |
1995年 | 470篇 |
1994年 | 498篇 |
1993年 | 494篇 |
1992年 | 623篇 |
1991年 | 499篇 |
1990年 | 486篇 |
1989年 | 490篇 |
1988年 | 440篇 |
1987年 | 408篇 |
1986年 | 403篇 |
1985年 | 377篇 |
1984年 | 434篇 |
1983年 | 398篇 |
1982年 | 419篇 |
1981年 | 382篇 |
1980年 | 395篇 |
1979年 | 310篇 |
1978年 | 299篇 |
1977年 | 263篇 |
1976年 | 257篇 |
1974年 | 233篇 |
1973年 | 208篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Mutations in Aprataxin cause the neurodegenerative syndrome ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 1. Aprataxin catalyzes removal of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from the 5′ end of a DNA strand, which results from an aborted attempt to ligate a strand break containing a damaged end. To gain insight into which DNA lesions are substrates for Aprataxin action in vivo, we deleted the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HNT3 gene, which encodes the Aprataxin homolog, in combination with known DNA repair genes. While hnt3Δ single mutants were not sensitive to DNA damaging agents, loss of HNT3 caused synergistic sensitivity to H2O2 in backgrounds that accumulate strand breaks with blocked termini, including apn1Δ apn2Δ tpp1Δ and ntg1Δ ntg2Δ ogg1Δ. Loss of HNT3 in rad27Δ cells, which are deficient in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER), resulted in synergistic sensitivity to H2O2 and MMS, indicating that Hnt3 and LP-BER provide parallel pathways for processing 5′ AMPs. Loss of HNT3 also increased the sister chromatid exchange frequency. Surprisingly, HNT3 deletion partially rescued H2O2 sensitivity in recombination-deficient rad51Δ and rad52Δ cells, suggesting that Hnt3 promotes formation of a repair intermediate that is resolved by recombination. 相似文献
92.
93.
Chromosome numbers were determined for 86 Anthurium species. Fifty-one of these were newly determined with counts ranging from 2n = 24 to 66 and 30 being the most common. All known Anthurium chromosome numbers were summarized, and 43 taxonomic changes were made in the previous reports to reflect current taxonomy. In terms of somatic chromosome numbers, the numbers form four polyploid series of 20–40–60, 24–30–48–84, 28–56 and 30–60–90–ca. 124. Paleoaneuploidy, polyploidy and B-chromosomes are basic features of the genus, but subsequent recent aneuploidy is not. The exact nature of chromosome evolution in Anthurium remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
94.
David W. Thomas Amabile K. Matida Célio L. Silva Thuioshi Ioneda 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》1979,23(3):267-282
The purification procedure of 6,6′-diesters of trehalose from Corynebacterium diphtheriae was modified and the isolated substance was analysed by mass spectrometry as its permethylated derivative. The fatty acid moiety released from the glycolipid after alkaline hydrolysis was studied by mass spectral analysis of the O-methylated and O-acetylated methyl ester derivatives. By argentation thin-layer chromatography, three species of O-acetylated methyl esters were recognized, corresponding to saturated, mono-unsaturated and di-unsaturated α-branched-β-hydroxylated fatty acids. The double bond was located by ozonolysis of the O-acetylated methyl ester derivatives, by gas chromatography of the reaction product and mass spectrometry of the effluent from the gas chromatograph. The main components of each species of α-branched-β-hydroxylated fatty acids found in the gly colipid fraction of C. diphtheriae were 2-tetradecyl-3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (C32H64O3, corynomycolic acid), 2-tetradecyl-3-hydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid (C32H62O3, corynomycolenic acid), 2-tetradec-7′-enyl-3-hydroxy octadecanoic acid (C32H62O3) and 2-tetradec-7′-enyl-3-hydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid (C32H60O3, corynomycoldienic acid). The glycolipid fraction from C. diphtheriae is obviously a complex mixture of 6,6′-diesters of trehalose. 相似文献
95.
Christian Renz Silke Oeljeklaus S?ren Grinhagens Bettina Warscheid Nils Johnsson Thomas Gronemeyer 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
The septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that, in the baker''s yeast, assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck. These filaments undergo significant structural rearrangements during the cell cycle. We aimed at identifying key components that are involved in or regulate the transitions of the septins. By combining cell synchronization and quantitative affinity-purification mass-spectrometry, we performed a screen for specific interaction partners of the septins at three distinct stages of the cell cycle. A total of 83 interaction partners of the septins were assigned. Surprisingly, we detected DNA-interacting/nuclear proteins and proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis predominantly present in alpha-factor arrested that do not display an assembled septin structure. Furthermore, two distinct sets of regulatory proteins that are specific for cells at S-phase with a stable septin collar or at mitosis with split septin rings were identified.Complementary methods like SPLIFF and immunoprecipitation allowed us to more exactly define the spatial and temporal characteristics of selected hits of the AP-MS screen. 相似文献
96.
97.
M F Erickson-Lawrence T T Turner P Ross T S Thomas G Oliphant 《Biology of reproduction》1989,40(6):1299-1310
The rabbit oviductal epithelium synthesizes and secretes a family of antigenically related, sulfated oviductal glycoproteins (SOG). Anti-SOG monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced and two (Mab 1 and Mab 2) were selected for further characterization. Periodate oxidation of Western blots of oviductal fluid did not affect the binding of Mab 1 or Mab 2, thus suggesting that these antibodies recognized protein rather than carbohydrate epitopes on SOG. The specificity of Mab 1 was determined by Western blot analysis of tissues obtained from estrous rabbits and from the male rabbit reproductive tract. SOG was identified in tissue extracts of both the oviductal ampulla and isthmus. Cervix was the only non-oviductal tissue with which Mab 1 cross-reacted. Mab 1 was used to isolated SOG from whole oviductal fluid by immuno-affinity chromatography. Affinity-purified SOG and Mab 1 were used to develop a quantitative, SOG-specific, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This assay was used to quantify SOG in rabbit oviductal fluid collected during estrus and pseudopregnancy. SOG secretion during pseudopregnancy was resolved into two transient episodes of increased secretion. Maximum SOG secretion (X = 1039 +/- 199 micrograms/day) occurred within 48 h of the induction of pseudopregnancy. A second period of enhanced SOG secretion (X = 308 +/- 46 micrograms/day) occurred during the fifth and sixth days of pseudopregnancy. Baseline SOG secretion occurred during estrus at approximately 60% of maximum postovulatory secretion. 相似文献
98.
Synopsis A sensitive method is presented for measurement of changes in the permeability of mitchondria in cultured cells. Rat heart endothelioid cells were used to determine the penetration rate of nitroblue tetrazolium (NitroBT) or other reactants into mitochondriain situ. Nitroblue formazan, produced as a consequence of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria, was eluted and measured with a spectrophotometer. Prior injury of cells with hypo-osmolar solutions increased the rate of formazan production. Several methods are described or suggested for the statistical analysis of the data. 相似文献
99.
100.
Teresa K. Aman Bruce A. Maki Thomas J. Ruffino Eileen M. Kasperek Gabriela K. Popescu 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(27):18805-18817
Protein kinase A (PKA) enhances synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system by increasing NMDA receptor current amplitude and Ca2+ flux in an isoform-dependent yet poorly understood manner. PKA phosphorylates multiple residues on GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits in vivo, but the functional significance of this multiplicity is unknown. We examined gating and permeation properties of recombinant NMDA receptor isoforms and of receptors with altered C-terminal domain (CTDs) prior to and after pharmacological inhibition of PKA. We found that PKA inhibition decreased GluN1/GluN2B but not GluN1/GluN2A gating; this effect was due to slower rates for receptor activation and resensitization and was mediated exclusively by the GluN2B CTD. In contrast, PKA inhibition reduced NMDA receptor-relative Ca2+ permeability (PCa/PNa) regardless of the GluN2 isoform and required the GluN1 CTD; this effect was due primarily to decreased unitary Ca2+ conductance, because neither Na+ conductance nor Ca2+-dependent block was altered substantially. Finally, we show that both the gating and permeation effects can be reproduced by changing the phosphorylation state of a single residue: GluN2B Ser-1166 and GluN1 Ser-897, respectively. We conclude that PKA effects on NMDA receptor gating and Ca2+ permeability rely on distinct phosphorylation sites located on the CTD of GluN2B and GluN1 subunits. This separate control of NMDA receptor properties by PKA may account for the specific effects of PKA on plasticity during synaptic development and may lead to drugs targeted to alter NMDA receptor gating or Ca2+ permeability. 相似文献