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21.
B- and T-cell markers were studied in a patient with prolymphocytic leukemia, a rare variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Thymus-derived features were identified on the membrane of the neoplastic lymphocytes using the following cellsurface markers: Heterologous T-cell antigen, sheep erythrocyte receptor, surface immunoglobulin, complement receptor, Fc receptor and mouse erythrocyte receptor. Cytogenetic studies of leukemic cells from unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cultures revealed a consistent karyotype characterized by marker chromosomes and a decreased chromosome number, whereas chromosomal analysis of hair root cells yielded a normal karyotype. A uniform expression of T-cell antigens measured on single leukemic cells by quantitative microphotometric immunoautoradiography correlated with the cytogenetic findings which are compatible with a descent from one progenitor cell. 相似文献
22.
23.
We have identified a novel N -acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity in
lactating bovine mammary gland membranes. Acceptor specificity studies and
analysis of products obtained in vitro by 400 MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy
revealed that the enzyme catalyses the transfer of N - acetylgalactosamine
(GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to acceptor substrates carrying a terminal,
beta-linked N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue and establishes a
beta1-->4-linkage forming a GalNAcbeta1-->4GlcNAc ( N, N
'-diacetyllactosediamine, lacdiNAc) unit. Therefore, the enzyme can be
identified as a UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAcbeta-R beta1-->4-N-
acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta4-GalNAcT). This enzyme resembles
invertebrate beta4-GalNAcT as well as mammalian beta4-
galactosyltransferase (beta4-GalT) in acceptor specificity. It can,
however, be clearly distinguished from the pituitary hormone-specific
beta4-GalNAcT by its incapability of acting with an elevated activity on a
glycoprotein substrate carrying a hormone-specific peptide motif.
Furthermore, the GalNAcT activity appeared not to be due to a promiscuous
action of a beta4-GalT as could be demonstrated by comparing the
beta4-GalNAcT and beta4-GalT activities of the mammary gland, bovine
colostrum, and purified beta4-GalT, by competition studies with UDP-GalNAc
and UDP-Gal, and by use of an anti-beta4-GalT polyclonal inhibiting
antibody. Interestingly, under conditions where mammalian beta4-GalT forms
with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) the lactose synthase complex, the mammary
gland beta4-GalNAcT was similarly induced by alpha-LA to act on Glc with an
increased efficiency yielding the lactose analog GalNAcbeta1-->4Glc.
This enzyme thus forms the second example of a mammalian
glycosyltransferase the specificity of which can be modified by this milk
protein. It is proposed that the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT functions in
the synthesis of lacdiNAc- based, complex-type glycans frequently occurring
on bovine milk glycoproteins. The action of this enzyme is to be considered
when aiming at the production of properly glycosylated protein
biopharmaceuticals in the milk of transgenic dairy animals.
相似文献
24.
Kirschner M Winkelhaus S Thierfelder JM Nover L 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2000,24(3):397-412
Heat-stress granules (HSG) are highly ordered, cytoplasmic chaperone complexes found in all heat-stressed plant cells. We have developed an experimental system involving expression of cytosolic class I and class II small heat-stress proteins (Hsps) of pea, Arabidopsis and tomato in tobacco protoplasts to study the structural prerequisites for the assembly of HSG or HSG-like complexes. Class I and class II small Hsps formed class-specific dodecamers of 210-280 kDa, which, upon heat stress, were incorporated into HSG complexes. Interestingly, class II dodecamers alone could form HSG-like complexes (auto-aggregation), whereas class I dodecamers could do so only in the presence of class II proteins (recruitment). By analysing C-terminal deletion forms of Hsp17 class II, we obtained evidence that the intact C-terminus is critical for the oligomerization state, for the heat-stress-induced auto-aggregation and for recruitment of class I proteins. The class-specific formation of dimers as a prerequisite for oligomerization was analysed by the yeast two-hybrid system. In the presence of the endogenous (tobacco) set of heat-stress-induced proteins, all heterologous class I and class II proteins were incorporated into HSG complexes, whose ultrastructure was different from that of complexes formed by class I and class II proteins alone. Although other, more distantly related, members of the Hsp20 family, i.e. the plastidic pea Hsp21, the Drosophila Hsp23 and the mouse Hsp25, were well expressed in tobacco protoplasts and formed homo-oligomers of 200-700 kDa, none of them could be recruited to HSG complexes. 相似文献
25.
The decision to use 10% neutral buffered formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) archival pathology material may be dictated by the cancer research question or analytical technique, or may be governed by national ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI), biobank, and sample availability and access policy. Biobanked samples of common tumors are likely to be available, but not all samples will be annotated with treatment and outcomes data and this may limit their application. Tumors that are rare or very small exist mostly in FFPE pathology archives. Pathology departments worldwide contain millions of FFPE archival samples, but there are challenges to availability. Pathology departments lack resources for retrieving materials for research or for having pathologists select precise areas in paraffin blocks, a critical quality control step. When samples must be sourced from several pathology departments, different fixation and tissue processing approaches create variability in quality. Researchers must decide what sample quality and quality tolerance fit their specific purpose and whether sample enrichment is required. Recent publications report variable success with techniques modified to examine all common species of molecular targets in FFPE samples. Rigorous quality management may be particularly important in sample preparation for next generation sequencing and for optimizing the quality of extracted proteins for proteomics studies. Unpredictable failures, including unpublished ones, likely are related to pre-analytical factors, unstable molecular targets, biological and clinical sampling factors associated with specific tissue types or suboptimal quality management of pathology archives. Reproducible results depend on adherence to pre-analytical phase standards for molecular in vitro diagnostic analyses for DNA, RNA and in particular, extracted proteins. With continuing adaptations of techniques for application to FFPE, the potential to acquire much larger numbers of FFPE samples and the greater convenience of using FFPE in assays for precision medicine, the choice of material in the future will become increasingly biased toward FFPE samples from pathology archives. Recognition that FFPE samples may harbor greater variation in quality than frozen samples for several reasons, including variations in fixation and tissue processing, requires that FFPE results be validated provided a cohort of frozen tissue samples is available. 相似文献
26.
Involvement of rabphilin-3A-like (RPH3AL), or Noc2, the potential effector of Ras-associated binding proteins Rab3A and Rab27A in the regulation of exocytotic processes in the endocrine pancreas has been demonstrated in experimental models. Noc2 expression together with other regulatory molecules of the exocytotic machinery in human tissues, however, has not been studied. We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of the key molecules of the exocytotic machinery, Noc2, Rab3A, Rab27A, and RIM2, together with the characteristic islet cell hormones, insulin and glucagon in normal and endocrine tumor tissues of human pancreas. Normal pancreatic islets were stained for all of these proteins and showed strong cytoplasmic localization. A similar pattern of strong cytoplasmic expression of these proteins was observed in the majority of endocrine tumors. By contrast, the exocrine portions of normal appearing pancreas completely lacked Rab27A staining and showed decreased expression of the proteins, Noc2, Rab3A, and RIM2. The staining pattern of Noc2 and Rab27A was similar to the staining pattern of glucagon-producing cells within the islets. The concomitant expression of Noc2 with these molecules suggests that Noc2 may serve as an effector for Rab3A and Rab27A and that it is involved in the regulation of exocytosis of the endocrine pancreas in humans. 相似文献
27.
Kolja M. Thierfelder Louisa von Baumgarten Alena B. Baumann Felix G. Meinel Andreas D. Helck Christian Opherk Andreas Straube Maximilian F. Reiser Wieland H. Sommer 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Background And Purpose
While penumbra assessment has become an important part of the clinical decision making for acute stroke patients, there is a lack of studies measuring the reliability and reproducibility of defined assessment techniques in the clinical setting. Our aim was to determine reliability and reproducibility of different types of three-dimensional penumbra assessment methods in stroke patients who underwent whole brain CT perfusion imaging (WB-CTP).Materials And Methods
We included 29 patients with a confirmed MCA infarction who underwent initial WB-CTP with a scan coverage of 100 mm in the z-axis. Two blinded and experienced readers assessed the flow-volume-mismatch twice and in two quantitative ways: Performing a volumetric mismatch analysis using OsiriX imaging software (MMVOL) and visual estimation of mismatch (MMEST). Complementarily, the semiquantitative Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score for CT perfusion was used to define mismatch (MMASPECTS). A favorable penumbral pattern was defined by a mismatch of ≥30% in combination with a cerebral blood flow deficit of ≤90 ml and an MMASPECTS score of ≥1, respectively. Inter- and intrareader agreement was determined by Kappa-values and ICCs.Results
Overall, MMVOL showed considerably higher inter-/intrareader agreement (ICCs: 0.751/0.843) compared to MMEST (0.292/0.749). In the subgroup of large (≥50 mL) perfusion deficits, inter- and intrareader agreement of MMVOL was excellent (ICCs: 0.961/0.942), while MMEST interreader agreement was poor (0.415) and intrareader agreement was good (0.919). With respect to penumbra classification, MMVOL showed the highest agreement (interreader agreement: 25 agreements/4 non-agreements/κ: 0.595; intrareader agreement 27/2/0.833), followed by MMEST (22/7/0.471; 23/6/0.577), and MMASPECTS (18/11/0.133; 21/8/0.340).Conclusion
The evaluated approach of volumetric mismatch assessment is superior to pure visual and ASPECTS penumbra pattern assessment in WB-CTP and helps to precisely judge the extent of 3-dimensional mismatch in acute stroke patients. 相似文献28.
In this study we describe the sociodemographic characteristics of people participating in a clinical trial on the safety and immunogenicity of a H5N1 influenza vaccine and we identify the main motivations for joining it. 相似文献
29.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 5 is a fully penetrant, lethal arrhythmic disorder caused by a missense mutation in the TMEM43 gene
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30.
HSP68 — a DnaK-like heat-stress protein of plant mitochondria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. Neumann M. Emmermann J.-M. Thierfelder U. zur Nieden M. Clericus H.-P. Braun L. Nover U. K. Schmitz 《Planta》1993,190(1):32-43
A 68-kDa heat-stress protein (HSP68) has been purified from cell-suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum L.). Antibodies raised against HSP68 cross-react with the Escherichia coli heat-stress protein DnaK. HSP68 was found to be a hydrophilic, ATP-binding protein. Immunological analysis of subcellular fractions and immunogold-labelling of ultrathin sections showed consistently that HSP68 is localized in the mitochondrial matrix. In-vitro translation experiments indicated that HSP68 is synthesized as a precursor protein. Immunoscreening of cDNA libraries from tomato and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) led to the isolation of corresponding cDNA clones. The deduced amino-acid sequences show strong relationships to the DnaK-like proteins from bacteria and organelles of eukaryotic cells. The protein HSP68 is constitutively expressed, but its synthesis is increased during heat stress in all cells of higher plantes investigated so far.Abbreviations HSP
heat-stress protein
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献