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861.
Zacho RM Jensen L Terp R Jensenius JC Thiel S 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(11):8071-8081
Ficolins are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. H-ficolin is found in plasma associated with mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs). When H-ficolin binds to microorganisms the MASPs are activated, which in turn activate the complement system. H-ficolin is the most abundant ficolin in humans, yet its ligand binding characteristics and biological role remain obscure. We examined the binding of H-ficolin to Aerococcus viridans as well as to a more defined artificial target, i.e. acetylated bovine serum albumin. A strict dependence for calcium ions and inhibition at high NaCl concentration was found. The binding to acetylated bovine serum albumin was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid and sodium acetate as well as by N-acetylated glucosamine and galactosamine (GlcNAc and GalNAc) and glycine (GlyNAc). The binding to A. viridans was sensitive to the same compounds, but, importantly, higher concentrations were needed for inhibition. N-Acetylated cysteine was also inhibitory, but this inhibition was parallel with reduction in the oligomerization of H-ficolin and thus represents structural changes of the molecule. Based on our findings, we developed a procedure for the purification of H-ficolin from serum, involving PEG precipitation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose derivatized with acetylated serum albumin, ion exchange chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. The purified H-ficolin was observed to elute at 700 kDa, similar to what we find for H-ficolin in whole serum. MASP-2 was co-purified with H-ficolin, and the purified H-ficolin·MASP-2 complex could activate complement as measured by cleavage of complement factor C4. This study extends our knowledge of the specificity of this pattern recognition molecule, and the purified product will enable further studies. 相似文献
862.
863.
In variable environments, sampling information on habitat quality is essential for making adaptive foraging decisions. In insect parasitoids, females foraging for hosts have repeatedly been shown to employ behavioral strategies that are in line with predictions from optimal foraging models. Yet, which cues exactly are employed to sample information on habitat quality has rarely been investigated. Using the gregarious parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker; Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), we provided females with different cues about hosts to elucidate, which of them would change a wasp's posterior behavior suggesting a change in information status. We employed posterior clutch size decisions on a host as proxy for a female's estimation of habitat quality. Taking into account changes in physiological state of the foraging parasitoid, we tested whether different host qualities encountered previously change the subsequent clutch size decision in females. Additionally, we investigated whether other kinds of positive experiences—such as ample time to investigate hosts, host feeding, or egg laying—would increase a wasp's estimated value of habitat quality. Contrary to our expectations, quality differences in previously encountered hosts did not affect clutch size decisions. However, we found that prior egg laying experience changes posterior egg allocation to a host, indicating a change in female information status. Host feeding and the time available for host inspection, though correlated with egg laying experience, did not seem to contribute to this change in information status. 相似文献
864.
Symbiont‐bearing and non‐symbiotic marine bivalves were used as model organisms to establish biosignatures for the detection of distinctive symbioses in ancient bivalves. For this purpose, the isotopic composition of lipids (δ13C) and bulk organic shell matrix (δ13C, δ34S, δ15N) from shells of several thiotrophic, phototrophic, or non‐symbiotic bivalves were compared (phototrophic: Fragum fragum, Fragum unedo, Tridacna maxima; thiotrophic: Codakia tigerina, Fimbria fimbriata, Anodontia sp.; non‐symbiotic: Tapes dorsatus, Vasticardium vertebratum, Scutarcopagia sp.). ?13C values of bulk organic shell matrices, most likely representing mainly original shell protein/chitin biomass, were depleted in thio‐ and phototrophic bivalves compared to non‐symbiotic bivalves. As the bulk organic shell matrix also showed a major depletion of δ15N (down to –2.2 ‰) for thiotrophic bivalves, combined δ13C and δ15N values are useful to differentiate between thio‐, phototrophic, and non‐symbiotic lifestyles. However, the use of these isotopic signatures for the study of ancient bivalves is limited by the preservation of the bulk organic shell matrix in fossils. Substantial alteration was clearly shown by detailed microscopic analyses of fossil (late Pleistocene) T. maxima and Trachycardium lacunosum shell, demonstrating a severe loss of quantity and quality of bulk organic shell matrix with time. Likewise, the composition and δ13C‐values of lipids from empty shells indicated that a large part of these compounds derived from prokaryotic decomposers. The use of lipids from ancient shells for the reconstruction of the bivalve's life style therefore appears to be restricted. 相似文献
865.
Teresa Thiel Brenda S. Pratte Jinshun Zhong Lynne Goodwin Alex Copeland Susan Lucas Cliff Han Sam Pitluck Miriam L. Land Nikos C Kyrpides Tanja Woyke 《Standards in genomic sciences》2014,9(3):562-573
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 is a filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium that has served as a model organism, with an extensive literature extending over 40 years. The strain has three distinct nitrogenases that function under different environmental conditions and is capable of photoautotrophic growth in the light and true heterotrophic growth in the dark using fructose as both carbon and energy source. While this strain was first isolated in 1964 in Mississippi and named Anabaena flos-aquae MSU A-37, it clusters phylogenetically with cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. The strain is a moderate thermophile, growing well at approximately 40° C. Here we provide some additional characteristics of the strain, and an analysis of the complete genome sequence. 相似文献
866.
Oliver Beckstein Ekaterina Ivanova Tian Geng Simone Weyand David Drew Joseph Lanigan David J Sharples Mark SP Sansom So Iwata Colin WG Fishwick A Peter Johnson Alexander D Cameron Peter JF Henderson 《The EMBO journal》2014,33(16):1831-1844
The hydantoin transporter Mhp1 is a sodium‐coupled secondary active transport protein of the nucleobase‐cation‐symport family and a member of the widespread 5‐helix inverted repeat superfamily of transporters. The structure of Mhp1 was previously solved in three different conformations providing insight into the molecular basis of the alternating access mechanism. Here, we elucidate detailed events of substrate binding, through a combination of crystallography, molecular dynamics, site‐directed mutagenesis, biochemical/biophysical assays, and the design and synthesis of novel ligands. We show precisely where 5‐substituted hydantoin substrates bind in an extended configuration at the interface of the bundle and hash domains. They are recognised through hydrogen bonds to the hydantoin moiety and the complementarity of the 5‐substituent for a hydrophobic pocket in the protein. Furthermore, we describe a novel structure of an intermediate state of the protein with the external thin gate locked open by an inhibitor, 5‐(2‐naphthylmethyl)‐L‐hydantoin, which becomes a substrate when leucine 363 is changed to an alanine. We deduce the molecular events that underlie acquisition and transport of a ligand by Mhp1. 相似文献
867.
Denise F. Johnson LaShaunda L. Malone Sarah Zalwango Joy Mukisa Oketcho Keith A. Chervenak Bonnie Thiel Harriet Mayanja-Kizza Catherine M. Stein W. Henry Boom Christina L. Lancioni for the Tuberculosis Research Unit 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Rationale
Healthy household contacts (HHC) of individuals with Tuberculosis (TB) with Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) conversions are considered to harbor latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and at risk for TB. The immunologic, clinical, and public health implications of TST reversions that occur following Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) remain controversial.Objectives
To measure frequency of TST reversion following IPT, and variation in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses to Mtb, in healthy Ugandan TB HHC with primary Mtb infection evidenced by TST conversion.Methods
Prospective cohort study of healthy, HIV-uninfected, TST-negative TB HHC with TST conversions. Repeat TST was performed 12 months following conversion (3 months following completion of 9 month IPT course) to assess for stable conversion vs. reversion. Whole blood IFN-γ responses to Mtb antigen 85B (MtbA85B) and whole Mtb bacilli (wMtb) were measured in a subset (n = 27 and n = 42, respectively) at enrollment and TST conversion, prior to initiation of IPT.Results
Of 122 subjects, TST reversion was noted in 25 (20.5%). There were no significant differences in demographic, clinical, or exposure variables between reverters and stable converters. At conversion, reverters had significantly smaller TST compared to stable converters (13.7 mm vs 16.4 mm, respectively; p = 0.003). At enrollment, there were no significant differences in IFN-γ responses to MtbA85B or wMTB between groups. At conversion, stable converters demonstrated significant increases in IFN-γ responses to Ag85B and wMtb compared to enrollment (p = 0.001, p<0.001, respectively), while there were no significant changes among reverters.Conclusions
TST reversion following IPT is common following primary Mtb infection and associated with unique patterns of Mtb-induced IFN-γ production. We have demonstrated that immune responses to primary Mtb infection are heterogeneous, and submit that prospective longitudinal studies of cell mediated immune responses to Mtb infection be prioritized to identify immune phenotypes protective against development of TB disease. 相似文献868.
Mattia L. DiFrancesco Ulf-Peter Hansen Gerhard Thiel Anna Moroni Indra Schroeder 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Transport activity through the mutant D44A of the M2 proton channel from influenza virus A was measured in excised inside-out macro-patches of Xenopus laevis oocytes at cytosolic pH values of 5.5, 7.5 and 8.2. The current-voltage relationships reveal some peculiarities: 1. “Transinhibition”, i.e., instead of an increase of unidirectional outward current with increasing cytosolic H+ concentration, a decrease of unidirectional inward current was found. 2. Strong inward rectification. 3. Exponential rise of current with negative potentials. In order to interpret these findings in molecular terms, different kinetic models have been tested. The transinhibition basically results from a strong binding of H+ to a site in the pore, presumably His37. This assumption alone already provides inward rectification and exponential rise of the IV curves. However, it results in poor global fits of the IV curves, i.e., good fits were only obtained for cytosolic pH of 8.2, but not for 7.5. Assuming an additional transport step as e.g. caused by a constriction zone at Val27 resulted in a negligible improvement. In contrast, good global fits for cytosolic pH of 7.5 and 8.2 were immediately obtained with a cyclic model. A “recycling step” implies that the protein undergoes conformational changes (assigned to Trp41 and Val27) during transport which have to be reset before the next proton can be transported. The global fit failed at the low currents at pHcyt = 5.5, as expected from the interference of putative transport of other ions besides H+. Alternatively, a regulatory effect of acidic cytosolic pH may be assumed which strongly modifies the rate constants of the transport cycle. 相似文献
869.
Natasja W. M. Ramnath Koen M. van de Luijtgaarden Ingrid van der Pluijm Menno van Nimwegen Paula M. van Heijningen Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers Bibi S. van Thiel Ruziedi Y. Ridwan Nicole van Vliet Marcel Vermeij Luuk J. A. C. Hawinkels Anne de Munck Oleh Dzyubachyk Erik Meijering Peter van der Spek Robbert Rottier Hiromi Yanagisawa Rudi W. Hendriks Roland Kanaar Ellen V. Rouwet Alex Kleinjan Jeroen Essers 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
In this study we set out to investigate the clinically observed relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and aortic aneurysms. We tested the hypothesis that an inherited deficiency of connective tissue might play a role in the combined development of pulmonary emphysema and vascular disease.Methods
We first determined the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a clinical cohort of aortic aneurysms patients and arterial occlusive disease patients. Subsequently, we used a combined approach comprising pathological, functional, molecular imaging, immunological and gene expression analysis to reveal the sequence of events that culminates in pulmonary emphysema in aneurysmal Fibulin-4 deficient (Fibulin-4R) mice.Results
Here we show that COPD is significantly more prevalent in aneurysm patients compared to arterial occlusive disease patients, independent of smoking, other clinical risk factors and inflammation. In addition, we demonstrate that aneurysmal Fibulin-4R/R mice display severe developmental lung emphysema, whereas Fibulin-4+/R mice acquire alveolar breakdown with age and upon infectious stress. This vicious circle is further exacerbated by the diminished antiprotease capacity of the lungs and ultimately results in the development of pulmonary emphysema.Conclusions
Our experimental data identify genetic susceptibility to extracellular matrix degradation and secondary inflammation as the common mechanisms in both COPD and aneurysm formation. 相似文献870.
Axel Thiel Grégoire Michoud Yann Moalic Didier Flament Mohamed Jebbar 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2014,80(7):2299-2306
In this study, we developed a gene disruption system for Thermococcus barophilus using simvastatin for positive selection and 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) for negative selection or counterselection to obtain markerless deletion mutants using single- and double-crossover events. Disruption plasmids carrying flanking regions of each targeted gene were constructed and introduced by transformation into wild-type T. barophilus MP cells. Initially, a pyrF deletion mutant was obtained as a starting point for the construction of further markerless mutants. A deletion of the hisB gene was also constructed in the UBOCC-3256 (ΔpyrF) background, generating a strain (UBOCC-3260) that was auxotrophic for histidine. A functional pyrF or hisB allele from T. barophilus was inserted into the chromosome of UBOCC-3256 (ΔpyrF) or UBOCC-3260 (ΔpyrF ΔhisB), allowing homologous complementation of these mutants. The piezophilic genetic tools developed in this study provide a way to construct strains with multiple genetic backgrounds that will allow further genetic studies for hyperthermophilic piezophilic archaea. 相似文献