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排序方式: 共有179条查询结果,搜索用时 669 毫秒
61.
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling is required for exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim J Wende AR Sena S Theobald HA Soto J Sloan C Wayment BE Litwin SE Holzenberger M LeRoith D Abel ED 《Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)》2008,22(11):2531-2543
The receptors for IGF-I (IGF-IR) and insulin (IR) have been implicated in physiological cardiac growth, but it is unknown whether IGF-IR or IR signaling are critically required. We generated mice with cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of IGF-IR (CIGF1RKO) and compared them with cardiomyocyte-specific insulin receptor knockout (CIRKO) mice in response to 5 wk exercise swim training. Cardiac development was normal in CIGF1RKO mice, but the hypertrophic response to exercise was prevented. In contrast, despite reduced baseline heart size, the hypertrophic response of CIRKO hearts to exercise was preserved. Exercise increased IGF-IR content in control and CIRKO hearts. Akt phosphorylation increased in exercise-trained control and CIRKO hearts and, surprisingly, in CIGF1RKO hearts as well. In exercise-trained control and CIRKO mice, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and glycogen content were both increased but were unchanged in trained CIGF1RKO mice. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target eukaryotic elongation factor-2 was increased in exercise-trained CIGF1RKO but not in CIRKO or control hearts. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevented IGF-I/insulin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These studies identify an essential role for IGF-IR in mediating physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. IGF-IR deficiency promotes energetic stress in response to exercise, thereby activating AMPK, which leads to phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2. These signaling events antagonize Akt signaling, which although necessary for mediating physiological cardiac hypertrophy, is insufficient to promote cardiac hypertrophy in the absence of myocardial IGF-I signaling. 相似文献
62.
In the present study the possibility of provoking an irreversible blockade of P2-receptors in vivo by photolyzing ANAPP3 was investigated. ANAPP3 administered as an intraarterial infusion produced a short-lived blockade of P2-receptor mediated contractions of cat urinary bladders in situ. However, irradiation of the bladders with visible light during the infusion of ANAPP3 resulted in a blockade of the response for at least 120 minutes. Thus, photoactivation of ANAPP3 in vivo produced an essentially irreversible blockade of P2-purinergic receptors. 相似文献
63.
Catenation of DNA by eucaryotic topoisomerase II associated with simian virus 40 minichromosomes 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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After incubation of purified SV40 minichromosomes with superhelical DNA molecules either of SV40 or plasmid origin, a catenation of monomeric DNA via dimers and multimers to large networks was observed. The catenation reaction was stimulated by the DNA condensing agent spermidine with ATP as an energy donor and was dependent on the presence of magnesium ions. The reaction could be blocked by inhibitors of topoisomerase II such as novobiocin and nalidixic acid. Relaxed covalently closed circular DNA was catenated to networks in the presence of ATP as the energy donor. 相似文献
64.
65.
N Zwicker U Theobald H Zähner H-P Fiedler 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1997,19(4):280-285
The production of EDDS (ethylene-diamine-disuccinic acid), a potential substitute for EDTA, has been optimized up to a product
concentration of 20 grams per litre in fermentations of Amycolatopsis orientalis. Decisive steps for the increase in productivity were variation of the synthetic medium composition, investigation of the
influence of metal ions on product formation, controlled feeding of carbon and nitrogen sources in fed-batch fermentations
and improvement of the downstream processing steps.
Received 05 May 1997/ Accepted in revised form 13 August 1997 相似文献
66.
Estimating the Excess Investment in
Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate
Carboxylase/Oxygenase in
Leaves of Spring Wheat Grown under Elevated
CO2
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Julian C. Theobald Rowan A.C. Mitchell Martin A.J. Parry David W. Lawlor 《Plant physiology》1998,118(3):945-955
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown under CO2 partial pressures of 36 and 70 Pa with two N-application regimes. Responses of photosynthesis to varying CO2 partial pressure were fitted to estimate the maximal carboxylation rate and the nonphotorespiratory respiration rate in flag and preceding leaves. The maximal carboxylation rate was proportional to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content, and the light-saturated photosynthetic rate at 70 Pa CO2 was proportional to the thylakoid ATP-synthase content. Potential photosynthetic rates at 70 Pa CO2 were calculated and compared with the observed values to estimate excess investment in Rubisco. The excess was greater in leaves grown with high N application than in those grown with low N application and declined as the leaves senesced. The fraction of Rubisco that was estimated to be in excess was strongly dependent on leaf N content, increasing from approximately 5% in leaves with 1 g N m−2 to approximately 40% in leaves with 2 g N m−2. Growth at elevated CO2 usually decreased the excess somewhat but only as a consequence of a general reduction in leaf N, since relationships between the amount of components and N content were unaffected by CO2. We conclude that there is scope for improving the N-use efficiency of C3 crop species under elevated CO2 conditions. 相似文献
67.
R. Travis Belote Matthew S. Dietz Brad H. McRae David M. Theobald Meredith L. McClure G. Hugh Irwin Peter S. McKinley Josh A. Gage Gregory H. Aplet 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of maintaining a connected network of protected areas to prevent ecosystems and populations from becoming isolated, reduce the risk of extinction, and ultimately sustain biodiversity. Keeping protected areas connected in a network is increasingly recognized as a conservation priority in the current era of rapid climate change. Models that identify suitable linkages between core areas have been used to prioritize potentially important corridors for maintaining functional connectivity. Here, we identify the most “natural” (i.e., least human-modified) corridors between large protected areas in the contiguous Unites States. We aggregated results from multiple connectivity models to develop a composite map of corridors reflecting agreement of models run under different assumptions about how human modification of land may influence connectivity. To identify which land units are most important for sustaining structural connectivity, we used the composite map of corridors to evaluate connectivity priorities in two ways: (1) among land units outside of our pool of large core protected areas and (2) among units administratively protected as Inventoried Roadless (IRAs) or Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs). Corridor values varied substantially among classes of “unprotected” non-core land units, and land units of high connectivity value and priority represent diverse ownerships and existing levels of protections. We provide a ranking of IRAs and WSAs that should be prioritized for additional protection to maintain minimal human modification. Our results provide a coarse-scale assessment of connectivity priorities for maintaining a connected network of protected areas. 相似文献
68.
69.
G. W. Theobald 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1934,2(3857):1074-1075
70.