Verteilungschromatographische Trennung von Chlorophyllen und Carotinoiden grüner Pflanzen an Dünnschichten

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Textabbildung     

Comparative Histochemical and Biochemical Analysis of Endogenous Receptors for Glycoproteins in Human and Pig Peripheral Nerve

Endogenous sugar-binding proteins were localized in sections of human and pig peripheral nerves by the application of two types of labelled ligands: neoglycoproteins (chemically glycosylated carrier proteins that had proven to be histochemically inert) and desialylated, naturally occurring glycoproteins. These proteins allowed evaluation of the presence and distribution of endogenous receptors for carbohydrates, commonly present in cellular glycoconjugates. (Neo)glycoprotein binding was similar, but not identical, for the two types of mammalian peripheral nerves. The pig nerve differed from the human nerve in more pronounced staining when using different types of beta-galactoside-terminated (neo)glycoproteins and charge-carrying neoglycoproteins, such as bovine serum albumin, bearing galactose-6-phosphate residues, glucuronic acid residues, and sialic acid residues. Comparative biochemical analysis of certain classes of sugar receptors by affinity chromatography and gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of sugar receptors that can contribute to the histochemical staining in a pattern with certain significant differences among rather similar expression for the two species. The assessment of sugar receptor distribution by application of (neo)glycoprotein binding among morphologically defined regions in nerves may hold promise in detecting developmental regulation and changes during nerve degeneration and subsequent regeneration after trauma or pathological states. Correlation of these results to changes in the structure and abundance of glycoconjugates, which are the potential physiological ligands of endogenous sugar receptors commonly detected by plant lectins, may help to infer functional relationships.     

CD8 T cell activation after intravenous administration of CD3×CD19 bispecific antibody in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A bispecific antibody directed to T and B cells (CD3×CD19 bsAb) was daily infused intravenously in escalating doses from 10 g up to 5 mg in three patients with chemotherapy-resistant non-Hodgkin lymphoma; in this way we aimed to activate T cells to kill the malignant B cells. Only limited toxicity was observed, consisting of moderate fever preceded by chills or shivers and mild thrombocytopenia. No human anti-(mouse Ig) antibodies were found. Pharmacokinetics showed at _1/2 of 10.5 h with peak levels of 200–300 ng/ml after infusion of 2.5 mg bsAb. bsAb in serum was functionally active in vitro. After bsAb infusion a rise in serum tumour necrosis factor was observed, accompanied by an increase in soluble CD8 and to some extent in soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), but not in interferon , IL-4 or soluble CD4. No evidence was found for monocyte activation (no increases in IL-6, IL-8 or IL-1ß in serum). No gross changess in histology or number of IL-2R⁺, CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ cells were found in the lymph nodes after therapy, but one patient showed activated CD8⁺ T cells within the tumour nodules. In conclusion, after intravenously administered CD3×CD19 bsAb only moderate toxicity was found, probably due to CD8⁺ T cell activation and cytokine release, without CD4⁺ T cell activation.     

Implementing international osteoarthritis treatment guidelines in primary health care: study protocol for the SAMBA stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial

Background

Previous research indicates that people with osteoarthritis (OA) are not receiving the recommended and optimal treatment. Based on international treatment recommendations for hip and knee OA and previous research, the SAMBA model for integrated OA care in Norwegian primary health care has been developed. The model includes physiotherapist (PT) led patient OA education sessions and an exercise programme lasting 8–12 weeks. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and costs of a tailored strategy to implement the SAMBA model.

Methods/design

A cluster randomized controlled trial with stepped wedge design including an effect, process, and cost evaluation will be conducted in six municipalities (clusters) in Norway. The municipalities will be randomized for time of crossover from current usual care to the implementation of the SAMBA model by a tailored strategy. The tailored strategy includes interactive workshops for general practitioners (GPs) and PTs in primary care covering the SAMBA model for integrated OA care, educational material, educational outreach visits, feedback, and reminder material. Outcomes will be measured at the patient, GP, and PT levels using self-report, semi-structured interviews, and register based data. The primary outcome measure is patient-reported quality of care (OsteoArthritis Quality Indicator questionnaire) at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include referrals to PT, imaging, and referrals to the orthopaedic surgeon as well as participants’ treatment satisfaction, symptoms, physical activity level, body weight, and self-reported and measured lower limb function. The actual exposure to the tailor made implementation strategy and user experiences will be measured in a process evaluation. In the economic evaluation, the difference in costs of usual OA care and the SAMBA model for integrated OA care will be compared with the difference in health outcomes and reported by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Discussion

The results from the present study will add to the current knowledge on tailored strategies, which aims to improve the uptake of evidence-based OA care recommendations and improve the quality of OA care in primary health care. The new knowledge can be used in national and international initiatives designed to improve the quality of OA care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02333656

     

Quinacrine mustard fluorescence of a second Y chromosome in a Y-autosomal translocation

Summary Screening buccal smears from 97 prisoners by the quinacrine mustard technique revealed one XYY-individual and one Y-autosomal translocation of a second Y chromosome with a 46,XY, D-,t (?15q;Yq)+ karyotype. The translocation chromosome could be identified by its intense fluorescence of the short arm in all 75 metaphases examined.

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Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen von Abstrichen der Mundschleimhaut von 97 Gefängnisinsassen mit der Quinacrine-Mustard-Methode führten zur Aufdeckung eines XYY-Karyotyps und einer Y-autosomalen Translokation eines zweiten Y-Chromosoms mit einem Karyotyp von 46,XY,D-,t(?15q;Yq)+. Das Translokationschromosom konnte durch helle Fluorescenz des kurzen Armes in allen 75 Metaphasen identifiziert werden.

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This work was supported in part by grant number Pa 118/8 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and is part of a thesis by S. F.     

Biopsychosocial Factors and Cognitive Function in Cat Ownership and Attachment in Community-dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Few studies consider the health benefits of pet ownership from a biopsychosocial perspective, and a paucity of studies investigate cat ownership. The current study was designed to determine if psychosocial factors (stress, loneliness, and depression), biological levels of stress and inflammation (salivary cortisol, interleukin-1β, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and cognitive function were associated with companion cat ownership/attachment in community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 96, mean age = 76.6 years) who either owned a cat and no dog (n = 41) or owned neither a cat nor a dog (n = 55) completed questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Revised–UCLA Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale) and provided saliva specimens which were assayed for stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The majority of participants screened positive for mild cognitive impairment, reported low levels of stress, loneliness, and depression, and the biomarkers reflected fairly low levels of stress and inflammation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that psychosocial factors, salivary biomarkers, and cognitive function were not significantly associated with cat ownership. Age was the only significant predictor of cat ownership (OR = 0.92, p < 0.01) with the odds of cat ownership decreasing by 8.3% per year of advancing age. On average, cat owners were “somewhat attached” to their cats; however, 26% were “strongly attached” to their cats. Correlation analyses revealed the level of attachment to cats was not associated with study outcomes. These results show that cat ownership declined with each advancing year, which lessens the opportunity for older adults to form attachment bonds. The level of pet attachment supports the consideration of cats as a source of an attachment relationship for older adults, including those with cognitive impairment.     

The Complex Genetic Structure of Sugarcane Limits Identification of Additional SNP-Defined Simplex Alleles in Microsatellite Loci

Cultivated sugarcane possesses a large number of chromosomes (typically >80) which can be organised into eight homology groups, each containing approximately 12 homo(eo)logous chromosomes. Currently, microsatellite (SSR) markers are the most easily used markers for marker-assisted selection and other genetic applications. However, only SSR alleles that segregate as simplex and duplex markers can be incorporated into sugarcane maps using populations of ～300 progeny. Consequently only a subset of possible alleles have been mapped for a given SSR locus and are available for subsequent QTL analyses. Three sugarcane SSR loci, mSSCIR8, mSSCIR17 and mSSCIR18, were amplified, cloned and sequenced from the parents of an Australian sugarcane mapping population, IJ76-514 and . The sequences were examined to identify nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the flanking regions that could provide additional simplex SSR allele markers. Alignment of the sequences revealed SNP, indel and repeat length variation and the pattern of sequence variation suggested multiple alleles for each SSR, including all of the alleles previously scored by fragment length. While the flanking regions of the SSR loci contained numerous SNPs and indels, none defined new simplex alleles within multiplex fragments and no new SSR simplex alleles were mapped. Furthermore, many of the sequence-defined alleles appear to be spurious and may have arisen from PCR-mediated recombination. These results confirm the difficulties associated with characterising allelic diversity in a polyploid species and the complexity of mapping in sugarcane.