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111.
Bruce A. Larson Deophine Lembela-Bwalya Rachael Bonawitz Emily E. Hammond Donald M. Thea Julie Herlihy 《PloS one》2014,9(12)
Background
In March 2012, The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation trained maternal and child health workers in Southern Province of Zambia to use a new rapid syphilis test (RST) during routine antenatal care. A recent study by Bonawitz et al. (2014) evaluated the impact of this roll out in Kalomo District. This paper estimates the costs and cost-effectiveness from the provider''s perspective under the actual conditions observed during the first year of the RST roll out.Methods
Information on materials used and costs were extracted from program records. A decision-analytic model was used to evaluate the costs (2012 USD) and cost-effectiveness. Basic parameters needed for the model were based on the results from the evaluation study.Results
During the evaluation study, 62% of patients received a RST, and 2.8% of patients tested were positive (and 10.4% of these were treated). Even with very high RST sensitivity and specificity (98%), true prevalence of active syphilis would be substantially less (estimated at <0.7%). For 1,000 new ANC patients, costs of screening and treatment were estimated at $2,136, and the cost per avoided disability-adjusted-life year lost (DALY) was estimated at $628. Costs change little if all positives are treated (because prevalence is low and treatment costs are small), but the cost-per-DALY avoided falls to just $66. With full adherence to guidelines, costs increase to $3,174 per 1,000 patients and the cost-per-DALY avoided falls to $60.Conclusions
Screening for syphilis is only useful for reducing adverse birth outcomes if patients testing positive are actually treated. Even with very low prevalence of syphilis (a needle in the haystack), cost effectiveness improves dramatically if those found positive are treated; additional treatment costs little but DALYs avoided are substantial. Without treatment, the needle is essentially found and thrown back into the haystack. 相似文献112.
113.
Hudacek DL Kuruvilla S Kim N Semrau K Thea D Qazi S Pleasant A Shanahan J 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e20438
Background
Pneumonia, diarrhea and measles are the leading causes of death in children worldwide, but have a disproportionately low share of international funding and media attention [1]–[3]. In comparison, AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria - diseases that also significantly affect children – receive considerably more funding and have relatively high media coverage. This study investigates the potential relationship between media agenda setting and funding levels in the context of the actual burden of disease.Methods
The news databases Lexis Nexis, Factiva, and Google News Archive were searched for the diseases AIDS, TB and Malaria and for lower funded pediatric diseases: childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, and measles. A sample of news articles across geographic regions was also analyzed using a qualitative narrative frame analysis of how the media stories were told.Results
There were significantly more articles addressing the Global Fund diseases compared to the lower funded pediatric diseases between 1981 and 2008 (1,344,150 versus 291,865 articles). There were also notable differences in the framing of media narratives: 1) There was a high proportion of articles with the primary purpose of raising awareness for AIDS, TB and malaria (46.2%) compared with only 17.9% of the pediatric disease articles. 2) Nearly two-thirds (61.5%) of the AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria articles used a human rights, legal or social justice frame, compared with 46.2% for the lower funded pediatric disease articles, which primarily used an ethical or moral frame.Conclusion
This study demonstrates that lower funded pediatric diseases are presented differently in the media, both quantitatively and qualitatively, than higher funded, higher profile diseases. 相似文献114.
115.
Thea Koske 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1953,85(3):373-381
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Textabbildung. 相似文献
116.
Vedoya MC Medvedeff MG Mereles BE Chade ME Lorenzati MA Thea AE 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2008,25(1):52-53
A paracoccidioidomycosis case in a four-year old boy, with fever, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology and lymph node biopsy. The patient was treated with amphotericin B. After 48 hours, clinical improvement and considerable adenopathies remission were observed. 相似文献
117.
Winsor GL Khaira B Van Rossum T Lo R Whiteside MD Brinkman FS 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》2008,24(23):2803-2804
As the genome sequences of multiple strains of a given bacterial species are obtained, more generalized bacterial genome databases may be complemented by databases that are focused on providing more information geared for a distinct bacterial phylogenetic group and its associated research community. The Burkholderia Genome Database represents a model for such a database, providing a powerful, user-friendly search and comparative analysis interface that contains features not found in other genome databases. It contains continually updated, curated and tracked information about Burkholderia cepacia complex genome annotations, plus other Burkholderia species genomes for comparison, providing a high-quality resource for its targeted cystic fibrosis research community. AVAILABILITY: http://www.burkholderia.com. Source code: GNU GPL. 相似文献
118.
The septins are a conserved family of proteins that have been proposed to carry out diverse functions. In budding yeast, the septins become localized to the site of bud emergence in G1 but have not been thought to carry out important functions at this stage of the cell cycle. We show here that the septins function in redundant mechanisms that are required for formation of the bud neck and for the normal pattern of cell growth early in the cell cycle. The Shs1 septin shows strong genetic interactions with G1 cyclins and is directly phosphorylated by G1 cyclin-dependent kinases, consistent with a role in early cell cycle events. However, Shs1 phosphorylation site mutants do not show genetic interactions with the G1 cyclins or obvious defects early in the cell cycle. Rather, they cause an increased cell size and aberrant cell morphology that are dependent upon inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 at the G2/M transition. Shs1 phosphorylation mutants also show defects in interaction with the Gin4 kinase, which associates with the septins during G2/M and plays a role in regulating inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1. Phosphorylation of Shs1 by G1 cyclin-dependent kinases plays a role in events that influence Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation. 相似文献
119.
Furio AM Cutrera RA Castillo Thea V Pérez Lloret S Riccio P Caccuri RL Brusco LL Cardinali DP 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2002,22(5-6):699-709
1. Alzheimer's disease is associated with circadian rhythm disturbances, probably because of beta amyloid-induced neuronal damage of hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN).2. Since there is no published study on the circadian consequences of injecting beta amyloid peptide in experimental animals, one objective of the present study was to examine circadian locomotor activity in Syrian hamsters injected with beta amyloid peptide 25–35 into both SCN.3. Because one of the proposed therapies for circadian alterations in dementia is the administration of melatonin, a chronobiotic agent with antioxidant properties, the preventive effect of melatonin on the circadian changes produced by beta amyloid microinjection into SCN was also assessed.4. Wheel running activity was recorded by using the Dataquest III system in male golden hamsters kept under 14:10 light–dark photoperiods. Animals received microinjections of beta amyloid peptide 25–35 (100 M solution, 1 L) or saline in each SCN. Only those animals with neuronal lesions larger than 10% of SCN after beta amyloid injection were considered for further analysis.5. To assess the effect of melatonin on beta-amyloid peptide activity, melatonin was given in the drinking water (25 g/mL) starting 15 days in advance to the microinjection of beta amyloid peptide into SCN.6. Beta amyloid-treated hamsters exhibited a significant phase advance of onset of running activity of about 22 min as compared to saline-injected animals. They also showed a significantly greater variability in onset time of wheel running activity, mainly evident from 6 to 15 days of treatment.7. Melatonin administration in the drinking water prevented the phase advance of onset time and the increased variability of onset time brought about by beta amyloid peptide.8. The results support the existence of a neuroprotective effect of melatonin on beta amyloid-induced circadian changes in hamsters. 相似文献
120.
Kim AT Verheijden Linette EM Willemsen Saskia Braber Thea Leusink-Muis Dianne JM Delsing Johan Garssen Aletta D Kraneveld Gert Folkerts 《Respiratory research》2015,16(1)