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141.
In this work, we studied the chronesthesia of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), cobalt (II) chloride and of the complex [CoCl 2 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) 4 ]. The study was carried out in spring and autumn on AP and ?-GT activities in brain and kidney of rats during the rodents' active period. In rat brain, in both seasons, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhanced AP activity by 59 % in spring and 21 % in autumn and ?-GT by 39 and 35 % respectively. Cobalt (II) stimulated AP activity by 34 and 29 % respectively. The complex was mainly active on ?-GT activity (70 and 36 %) showing a synergic effect on ?-GT activity in June. In rat kidney, during spring, the induction of AP activity for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , cobalt (II) chloride and their complex was, respectively 21, 18 and 12 %. The ?-GT activity was not modified during this period, whereas in autumn, it was inhibited by -33, -50 and -28 %. The AP activity in autumn was not altered. We conclude that the effects on the two enzymatic markers of the three compounds 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , cobalt (II) chloride and [CoCl 2 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) 4 ] are quite different in Spring and Autumn, and this is explained on the basis of chronesthesia. 相似文献
142.
Different types of morphogenesis in thin cell layers of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun were studied in relation to changes in the external H+ concentration during cluture. Different initial pHs of the medium, ranging from 3.83 to 6.35, were tested under unbuffered and MES-buffered conditions, in combination with various amounts of indolyl-3-butyric acid and kinetin. The explants were sequentially transferred from MES-free media to MES-supplemented media, as well as reciprocally, to determine possible periods during the morphogenic process that showed a particular sensitivity to the external pH. Starting from pH 3.83, 36 m M MES induced the formation of limited callus and of vegetative and floral shoots as flowers in the control. MES at 50 m M inhibited rhizogenesis and either prevented morphogenesis or induced vegetative buds or flowers, depending on the initial pH. The 4th day of culture was a determining period in the induction of roots and flowers. Rhizogenesis, but not floral or vegetative organogenesis, was related to the theoretical intracellular concentration of indolyl-3-butyric acid. H+ transport might be involved in the regulation of morphogenesis. 相似文献
143.
Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura Shinji Sakumoto Reiko Ohtsu Akira Otuka Shou-Horng Huang Dinh Van Thanh Masaya Matsumura 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2011,46(1):65-73
The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, is one of the most serious pest insects of rice plants. A large migration of the insects from overseas was reported in western
parts of Japan in June 2008. Insecticide resistance to imidacloprid, fipronil and BPMC was compared among local populations
in these western regions after migration. The insecticides were applied to the insects using a topical application method.
In some populations, the resistance status coincided with that of the immigrant insects just after migration, i.e., resistance
to imidacloprid but susceptibility to fipronil. In other populations, resistance was observed not only against imidacloprid
but also fipronil. It is likely that the status of the latter populations resulted from intercrossing between domestic populations
of the insects and migrants. Insecticide resistance was also assessed in other areas of northern and eastern parts of Japan.
In general, these populations showed relatively low resistance, although resistance to fipronil was high in the eastern part
of Japan where the density of domestic populations has recently increased. Insecticide susceptibilities were also assessed
in several sites in Taiwan and the northern parts of Vietnam. Although susceptibilities differed among these sites or countries,
they have recently seen a decline for all three insecticides. 相似文献
144.
Wolstencroft EC Simic G thi Man N Holt I Lam le T Buckland PR Morris GE 《Journal of molecular histology》2007,38(4):333-340
Five subtypes of dopamine receptor exist in two subfamilies: two D1-like (D1 and D5) and three D2-like (D2, D3 and D4). We produced novel monoclonal antibodies against all three D2-like receptors and used them to localize receptors in Ntera-2 (NT-2) cells, the human neuronal precursor cell line. Most
of the immunostaining for all three receptors colocalized with mannose-6-phosphate receptor, a marker for late endosomes formed
by internalization of the plasma membrane. This result was obtained with antibodies against three different epitopes on the
D3 receptor, to rule out the possibility of cross-reaction with another protein, and controls without primary antibody or in
the presence of competitor antigen were completely negative. In rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus, some of the dopamine
receptor staining was found in similar structures in neuronal cell cytoplasm. Only some of the neurons were positive for dopamine
receptors and the pattern was consistent with previously-reported patterns of innervation by dopamine-producing neurons. Endosomal
dopamine receptors may provide a useful method for identifying cell bodies of dopamine-responsive neurons to complement methods
that detect only active receptors in the neuronal cell membrane. 相似文献
145.
Chandran Ramakrishna Adrianna Ferraioli Aleth Calle Thanh K. Nguyen Harry Openshaw Patric S. Lundberg Patrick Lomonte Edouard M. Cantin 《PLoS pathogens》2015,11(3)
The establishment of latent infections in sensory neurons is a remarkably effective immune evasion strategy that accounts for the widespread dissemination of life long Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV1) infections in humans. Periodic reactivation of latent virus results in asymptomatic shedding and transmission of HSV1 or recurrent disease that is usually mild but can be severe. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms regulating the maintenance of latency and reactivation are essential for developing new approaches to block reactivation. However, the lack of a reliable mouse model that supports efficient in vivo reactivation (IVR) resulting in production of infectious HSV1 and/or disease has hampered progress. Since HSV1 reactivation is enhanced in immunosuppressed hosts, we exploited the antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulins) to promote survival of latently infected immunodeficient Rag mice. Latently infected Rag mice derived by high dose (HD), but not low dose (LD), HSV1 inoculation exhibited spontaneous reactivation. Following hyperthermia stress (HS), the majority of HD inoculated mice developed HSV1 encephalitis (HSE) rapidly and synchronously, whereas for LD inoculated mice reactivated HSV1 persisted only transiently in trigeminal ganglia (Tg). T cells, but not B cells, were required to suppress spontaneous reactivation in HD inoculated latently infected mice. Transfer of HSV1 memory but not OVA specific or naïve T cells prior to HS blocked IVR, revealing the utility of this powerful Rag latency model for studying immune mechanisms involved in control of reactivation. Crossing Rag mice to various knockout strains and infecting them with wild type or mutant HSV1 strains is expected to provide novel insights into the role of specific cellular and viral genes in reactivation, thereby facilitating identification of new targets with the potential to block reactivation. 相似文献
146.
The Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS): A Strategic Approach to Studying Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maia A. Rabaa Ngo Tri Tue Tran My Phuc Juan Carrique-Mas Karen Saylors Matthew Cotten Juliet E. Bryant Ho Dang Trung Nghia Nguyen Van Cuong Hong Anh Pham Alessandra Berto Voong Vinh Phat Tran Thi Ngoc Dung Long Hoang Bao Ngo Thi Hoa Heiman Wertheim Behzad Nadjm Corina Monagin H. Rogier van Doorn Motiur Rahman My Phan Vu Tra James I. Campbell Maciej F. Boni Pham Thi Thanh Tam Lia van der Hoek Peter Simmonds Andrew Rambaut Tran Khanh Toan Nguyen Van Vinh Chau Tran Tinh Hien Nathan Wolfe Jeremy J. Farrar Guy Thwaites Paul Kellam Mark E. J. Woolhouse Stephen Baker 《EcoHealth》2015,12(4):726-735
147.
Thanh H. Tran Xiaofeng Shi Joseph Zaia Xingbin Ai 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(39):32651-32664
Skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by satellite cells (SCs). Upon injury, SCs undergo self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into myoblasts followed by myoblast fusion to form new myofibers. We previously showed that the heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-endosulfatases (Sulf1 and -2) repress FGF signaling to induce SC differentiation during muscle regeneration. Here, we identify a novel role of Sulfs in myoblast fusion using a skeletal muscle-specific Sulf double null (SulfSK-DN) mouse. Regenerating SulfSK-DN muscles exhibit reduced canonical Wnt signaling and elevated non-canonical Wnt signaling. In addition, we show that Sulfs are required to repress non-canonical Wnt signaling to promote myoblast fusion. Notably, skeletal muscle-relevant non-canonical Wnt ligands lack HS binding capacity, suggesting that Sulfs indirectly repress this pathway. Mechanistically, we show that Sulfs reduce the canonical Wnt-HS binding and regulate colocalization of the co-receptor LRP5 with caveolin3. Therefore, Sulfs may increase the bioavailability of canonical Wnts for Frizzled receptor and LRP5/6 interaction in lipid raft, which may in turn antagonize non-canonical Wnt signaling. Furthermore, changes in subcellular distribution of active focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are associated with the fusion defect of Sulf-deficient myoblasts and upon non-canonical Wnt treatment. Together, our findings uncover a critical role of Sulfs in myoblast fusion by promoting antagonizing canonical Wnt signaling activities against the noncanonical Wnt pathway during skeletal muscle regeneration. 相似文献
148.
To TT Witten PE Renn J Bhattacharya D Huysseune A Winkler C 《Development (Cambridge, England)》2012,139(1):141-150
Osteoclasts are macrophage-related bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin. Factors that regulate osteoclastogenesis are of great interest for investigating the pathology and treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In mammals, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) is a regulator of osteoclast formation and activation: its misexpression causes osteoclast stimulation and osteoporotic bone loss. Here, we report an osteoporotic phenotype that is induced by overexpression of Rankl in the medaka model. We generated transgenic medaka lines that express GFP under control of the cathepsin K promoter in osteoclasts starting at 12 days post-fertilization (dpf), or Rankl together with CFP under control of a bi-directional heat-shock promoter. Using long-term confocal time-lapse imaging of double and triple transgenic larvae, we monitored in vivo formation and activation of osteoclasts, as well as their interaction with osteoblasts. Upon Rankl induction, GFP-positive osteoclasts are first observed in the intervertebral regions and then quickly migrate to the surface of mineralized neural and haemal arches, as well as to the centra of the vertebral bodies. These osteoclasts are TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) and cathepsin K positive, mononuclear and highly mobile with dynamically extending protrusions. They are exclusively found in tight contact with mineralized matrix. Rankl-induced osteoclast formation resulted in severe degradation of the mineralized matrix in vertebral bodies and arches. In conclusion, our in vivo imaging approach confirms a conserved role of Rankl in osteoclastogenesis in teleost fish and provides new insight into the cellular interactions during bone resorption in an animal model that is useful for genetic and chemical screening. 相似文献
149.
The bacterium Flavobacterium columnare was recovered and identified as the aetiological agent causing freshwater columnaris infection in farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) fingerlings that had suffered high mortality rates within commercial hatchery ponds in Vietnam. The gross clinical signs were typical of columnaris-infected fish. Histological examination found numerous Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria present on the skin, muscle and gill tissues of affected fish. The yellow-pigmented bacteria were isolated and identified as F. columnare using primary, biochemical and PCR methods. An experimental immersion-challenge study with 2 strains was also performed. It fulfilled Koch's postulates and showed a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.27 × 105 and 1.66 × 106 cfu ml-1 for the F. columnare strains FC-HN and FC-CT, respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of freshwater columnaris infection in P. hypophthalmus. 相似文献
150.
A novel gene coding for an endo-beta-1,4-mannanase (manA) from Bacillus subtilis strain G1 was cloned and overexpressed in P. pastoris GS115, and the enzyme was purified and characterized. The manA gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1,092 nucleotides, encoding a 364-aa protein, with a predicted molecular mass of 41 kDa. The beta-mannanase showed an identity of 90.2-92.9% (< or =95%) with the corresponding amino acid sequences from B. subtilis strains deposited in GenBank. The purified beta- mannanase was a monomeric protein on SDS-PAGE with a specific activity of 2,718 U/mg and identified by MALDITOF mass spectrometry. The recombinant beta-mannanase had an optimum temperature of 45 degrees C and optimum pH of 6.5. The enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 50 degrees C (for 8 h) and in the pH range of 5-9. EDTA and most tested metal ions showed a slightly to an obviously inhibitory effect on enzyme activity, whereas metal ions (Hg2+, Pb2+, and Co2+) substantially inhibited the recombinant beta-mannanase. The chemical additives including detergents (Triton X- 100, Tween 20, and SDS) and organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and acetone) decreased the enzyme activity, and especially no enzyme activity was observed by addition of SDS at the concentrations of 0.25-1.0% (w/v) or n-butanol at the concentrations of 20-30% (v/v). These results suggested that the beta-mannanase expressed in P. pastoris could potentially be used as an additive in the feed for monogastric animals. 相似文献