我国1999—2003年间ALV—J野毒株gp85基因变异趋势

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,连续五年从全国各地的送检病料中分离到14株J亚群白血病病毒（ALV-J）。为了动态观察ALV-J囊膜表面结构蛋白（GP85）的变异情况,对这14株野毒株的囊膜糖蛋白基因（env）进行了克隆和测序,将它们与HPRS-103株的GP85的氨基酸序列进行了比较,结果表明：ALV-J的囊膜表面结构蛋白发生了很大的变异,而且这些变异主要集中在高变区hr1、hr2和vr3;这些野毒株GP85的氨基酸序列的同源性在86．6％～100％之间（从同一鸡场中分离到的两株ALV-J即BJ00302与BJ0303的同源性为100％,其它毒株之间的同源性均小于100％）;有义突变与沉默突变的比例显示这3个高变区极有可能是免疫选择压作用的位点。     

A series of novel directional cloning and expression vectors for blunt-end ligation of PCR products

Novel directional cloning and expression vectors were developed for blunt-end ligation of PCR products that are suitable for high-throughput cloning and simplifying the screening procedure. The PCR products, without further processing, are cloned into vectors digested with SchI and, following transformation, the desired recombinants give typical blue colonies on selectable plates. The principle of this selection strategy is that the construction also generates a full-length ideal lacO gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this lacO reconstruction strategy has been applied in the selection of recombinants.     

发酵性丝孢酵母HWZ004利用水稻秸秆水解液发酵产油脂

为高效利用水稻秸秆中的纤维素和半纤维素产油脂,采用稀酸预处理和酶水解两步法对水稻秸秆进行水解,然后以水解液为碳源,培养发酵性丝孢酵母Trichosporon fermentans HWZ004产微生物油脂。结果表明,经简单overliming法脱毒后水稻秸秆水解液中乙酸、糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的浓度分别为0.4 g/L、0.1 g/L和0.05 g/L。只需添加少量氮源和微量CuSO4?5H2O,该水解液即可满足T. fermentans HWZ004发酵产油脂的要求。发酵最适接种量、初始pH和温度分别是5.0％、7.0和25 ℃。T. fermentans HWZ004在优化条件下培养7 d的生物量、油脂含量和油脂产量分别是26.4 g/L,52.2％和13.8 g/L;油脂得率系数为17.0,大大高于驯化前菌株T. fermentans CICC 1368在脱毒水稻秸秆半纤维素水解液中的对应值 (11.9)。所产油脂的脂肪酸组成与植物油相似,不饱和脂肪酸含量达70％以上,宜作为生物柴油的生产原料。     

Improved performance of membrane free single-chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells with nitric acid and ethylenediamine surface modified activated carbon fiber felt anodes

Surface modifications of anode materials are important for enhancing power generation of microbial fuel cell (MFC). Membrane free single-chamber air-cathode MFCs, MFC-A and MFC-N, were constructed using activated carbon fiber felt (ACF) anodes treated by nitric acid and ethylenediamine (EDA), respectively. Experimental results showed that the start-up time to achieve the maximum voltages for the MFC-A and MFC-N was shortened by 45% and 51%, respectively as compared to that for MFC-AT equipped with an unmodified anode. Moreover, the power output of MFCs with modified anodes was significantly improved. In comparison with MFC-AT which had a maximum power density of 1304 mW/m², the MFC-N achieved a maximum power density of 1641 mW/m². The nitric acid-treated anode in MFC-A increased the power density by 58% reaching 2066 mW/m². XPS analysis of the treated and untreated anode materials indicated that the power enhancement was attributable to the changes of surface functional groups.     

An improved particle bombardment for the generation of transgenic plants by direct immobilization of relleasable Tn5 transposases onto gold particles

We have developed a modified particle bombardment method for plant transgenesis. An intein-tag and a 6×Cys-tag were successively fused to the N-terminus of a hyperactive Tn5 transposase. The modified transposase was immobilized on bare gold microscopic particles via covalent binding of a 6×Cys-tag sulfydryl groups to the gold surface. The tethered transposase can bind the transposon DNA in vitro to form the transposome in the absence of Mg2? ions. After bombardment of the gold particles carrying the transposomes into the plant cells, the transposomes will be released from the carrier due to the activated self-cleavage function of intein-tag. Our data showed this procedure integrated foreign DNA into the plant genome with an increased transformation frequency as compared to the conventional particle bombardment method. A single copy insertion can also be obtained by decreasing of the assembled transposon DNA amount in relation to plant cell biomass.     

应急大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞颗粒数目与其钙含量的关系

采用电镜细胞立体形态计量法及电镜Ｘ射线显微定量分析术,对制动应急大鼠的肾上腺髓质细胞内嗜铬颗粒数密度和颗粒内Ｃａ浓度变化进行测量。结果显示,两者在制动过程中均呈进行性下降,但颗粒内钙浓度的下降快于颗粒数目的减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）。该结果支持颗粒内钙释放入胞质,参与胞质内游离钙浓度的升高,进而激发颗粒胞吐的假设,为主宰嗜铬颗粒是一种细胞内钙库并参与细胞分泌提供了实验依据。     

水稻白叶枯病广谱抗性基因Xa21导入两用不育系培矮64S

以克隆的Xa21基因为外源基因,成熟胚愈伤组织为转化受体,应用农杆菌介导法对水稻两用型核不育系培矮64S进行转化,获46株转基因植株。PCR和Southern分析结果表明,Xa21已整合到受体基因组。用稻白叶枯病病原菌(Xanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae)菲律宾小种6号接种鉴定,结果表明大多数转基因植株获得了抗病性。已整合的Xa21基因能够稳定地遗传,在所检测转基因株系的T1代中,Xa21基因显示3:1的分离。     

Perfusion culture process plus H2O2 stimulation for efficient astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

A semicontinuous perfusion culture process (repeated medium renewal with cell retention) was evaluated together with batch and repeated fed-batch processes for astaxanthin production in shake-flask cultures of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The perfusion process with 25% medium renewal every 12 h for 10 days achieved a biomass density of 65.6 g/L, a volumetric astaxanthin yield of 52.5 mg/L, and an astaxanthin productivity of 4.38 mg/L-d, which were 8.4-fold, 5.6-fold, and 2.3-fold of those in the batch process, 7.8 g/L, 9.4 mg/L, and 1.88 mg/L-d, respectively. The incorporation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stimulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis into the perfusion process further increased the astaxanthin yield to 58.3 mg/L and the productivity to 4.86 mg/L-d. The repeated fed-batch process with 8 g/L glucose and 4 g/L corn steep liquor fed every 12 h achieved 42.2 g/L biomass density, 36.5 mg/L astaxanthin yield, and 3.04 mg/L-d astaxanthin productivity. The lower biomass and astaxanthin productivity in the repeated fed-batch than in the perfusion process may be mostly attributed to the accumulation of inhibitory metabolites such as ethanol and acetic acid in the culture. The study shows that perfusion process plus H(2)O(2) stimulation is an effective strategy for enhanced astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous cultures.     

Disruption of YPS1 and PEP4 genes reduces proteolytic degradation of secreted HSA/PTH in Pichia pastoris GS115

Human serum albumin (HSA) and human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH (1-34)] fusion protein [HSA/PTH (1-34)] is a promising long-acting form of PTH (1-34) for osteoporosis treatment. Secretory expression of intact HSA/PTH (1-34) in Pichia pastoris GS115 was accompanied by two degradation fragments, with molecular weights around 66 kDa, in addition to the well-known ~45 kDa HSA-truncated fragment, resulting in a low yield of intact protein. In this study, two internal cleavage sites were identified in the PTH (1-34) portion of the fusion protein by Western Blot analysis. To minimize proteolytic cleavages, several protease genes including PEP4 (encoding proteinase A), PRB1 (proteinase B) and seven YPSs genes (yapsin family members) were knocked out respectively by disruption of the individual genes and the selective combinations. Reduced degradation was observed by single disruption of either PEP4 gene or YPS1 gene, and the lowest level of degradation was observed in a pep4△yps1△ double disruptant. After 72 h of induction, more than 80 % of the HSA/PTH (1-34) secreted by the pep4△yps1△ double disruptant remained intact, in comparison to only 30 % with the wild-type strain.