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91.
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In this issue of Molecular Cell, Echtenkamp et?al. (2011) show that the molecular chaperone Sba1/p23, thought to function primarily as a key modulator of the Hsp90 chaperone complex, also operates in its own sphere of influence outside of its obligations to Hsp90. 相似文献
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Tiago A. Marques Len Thomas Ronald P. Morrissey Susan Jarvis Nancy DiMarzio David Moretti David K. Mellinger 《Marine Mammal Science》2013,29(1):142-158
Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using visual distance sampling or capture‐recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of 14 bottom‐mounted hydrophones, distributed over a 60 × 30 km area off Kauai, Hawaii, to estimate density during 12 d of recordings in early 2006. We converted the number of acoustic cues (i.e., boings) detected using signal processing software into a cue density by accounting for the false positive rate and probability of detection. The former was estimated by manual validation, the latter by applying spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) methods to a subset of data where we had determined which hydrophones detected each call. Estimated boing density was 130 boings per hour per 10,000 km2 (95% CI 104–163). Little is known about the population's acoustic behavior, so conversion from boing to animal density is difficult. As a demonstration of the method, we used a tentative boing rate of 6.04 boings per hour, from a single animal tracked in 2009, to give an estimate of 21.5 boing‐calling minke whales per 10,000 km2. 相似文献
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Karen E. Anderson Anna Kielkowska Tom N. Durrant Veronique Juvin Jonathan Clark Len R. Stephens Phillip T. Hawkins 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
We disrupted the gene encoding lysophosphatidylinositol-acyltransferase-1 (LPIAT1) in the mouse with the aim of understanding its role in determining cellular phosphoinositide content. LPIAT1−/− mice were born at lower than Mendelian ratios and exhibited a severe developmental brain defect. We compared the phospholipid content of livers and brains from LPIAT1−/− and LPIAT1+/+ littermates by LC-ESI/MS. In accord with previous studies, the most abundant molecular species of each phosphoinositide class (PtdIns, PtdInsP, PtdInsP2 and PtdInsP3) possessed a C38∶4 complement of fatty-acyl esters (C18∶0 and C20∶4 are usually assigned to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively). LPIAT1−/− liver and brain contained relatively less of the C38∶4 species of PtdIns, PtdInsP and PtdInsP2 (dropping from 95–97% to 75–85% of the total species measured for each lipid class) and relatively more of the less abundant species (PtdInsP3 less abundant species were below our quantification levels). The increases in the less abundant PtdIns and PtdInsP2 species did not compensate for the loss in C38∶4 species, resulting in a 26–44% reduction in total PtdIns and PtdInsP2 levels in both brain and liver. LPIAT1−/− brain and liver also contained increased levels of C18∶0 lyso-PtdIns (300% and 525% respectively) indicating a defect in the reacylation of this molecule. LPIAT1−/− brain additionally contained significantly reduced C38∶4 PC and PE levels (by 47% and 55% respectively), possibly contributing to the phenotype in this organ. The levels of all other molecular species of PC, PE, PS and PA measured in the brain and liver were very similar between LPIAT1−/− and LPIAT1+/+ samples. These results suggest LPIAT1 activity plays a non-redundant role in maintaining physiological levels of PtdIns within an active deacylation/reacylation cycle in mouse tissues. They also suggest that this pathway must act in concert with other, as yet unidentified, mechanisms to achieve the enrichment observed in C38∶4 molecular species of phosphoinositides. 相似文献
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Holder Peter E. Jeanson Amanda L. Lennox Robert J. Brownscombe Jacob W. Arlinghaus Robert Danylchuk Andy J. Bower Shannon D. Hyder Kieran Hunt Len M. Fenichel Eli P. Venturelli Paul A. Thorstad Eva B. Allen Micheal S. Potts Warren M. Clark-Danylchuk Sascha Claussen Julie E. Lyle Jeremy M. Tsuboi Jun-ichi Brummett Randall Freire Kátia M. F. Tracey Sean R. Skov Christian Cooke Steven J. 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2020,30(1):137-151
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries - Recreational fisheries hold immense ecological, social, and economic value. The management of these fisheries is increasingly important as we move forward in... 相似文献
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Shane D. Wright Howard A. Ross D. Jeanette Keeling Paul McBride Len N. Gillman 《Evolutionary ecology》2011,25(2):525-530
Slower genetic evolution in microbial thermophiles has been attributed to internal mutation control mechanisms in very high
temperatures, whereas the tempo of plant microevolution has been positively correlated to ambient thermal conditions. Here,
using a global dataset of 136 teleost fish species, contrasting warm and cool water species, and controlling for any differences
between species in mutation control mechanisms, we found mitochondrial genetic evolution was 1.61 times faster in warm water
species. These results suggest that temperature-mediated reduction in mutation rate is only important in extreme thermal regimes. 相似文献
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Boyle KB Gyori D Sindrilaru A Scharffetter-Kochanek K Taylor PR Mócsai A Stephens LR Hawkins PT 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2011,186(5):2978-2989
An effective immune response to the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is dependent upon production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase. This is evidenced by the acute sensitivity of oxidase-deficient humans and mice to invasive aspergillosis. Neutrophils are recruited to the lungs shortly postinfection and respond by phagocytosing conidia and mediating extracellular killing of germinated hyphae in a ROS-dependent manner. However, the signaling mechanisms regulating the generation of ROS in response to hyphae are poorly understood. PI3Ks are important regulators of numerous cellular processes, with much recent work describing unique roles for the different class I PI3K isoforms. We showed by live-cell imaging that the lipid products of class I PI3Ks accumulated at the hyphal-bound neutrophil plasma membrane. Further, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate essential, but overlapping, roles for PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ in the ROS and spreading responses of murine neutrophils to Aspergillus hyphae. Hyphal-induced ROS responses were substantially inhibited by deletion of the common β2-integrin subunit CD18, with only a minor, redundant role for Dectin-1. However, addition of soluble algal glucans plus the genetic deletion of CD18 were required to significantly inhibit activation of the PI3K-effector protein kinase B. Hyphal ROS responses were also totally dependent on the presence of Syk, but not its ITAM-containing adaptor proteins FcRγ or DAP12, and the Vav family of Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors. These results start to define the signaling network controlling neutrophil ROS responses to A. fumigatus hyphae. 相似文献
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