Comparative study of the action of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin, thermolabile Escherichia coli toxin and a Salmonella typhimurium filtrate on the small intestine of laboratory animals

The results of the comparative study of the effects produced by V. cholerae enterotoxin E. coli thermolabile toxin (TL-toxin) and S. typhimurum 415 filtrate on the loops of the small intestine of rabbits and C57BL/6 mice are presented. The results obtained in mice were considerably more uniform than those obtained in rabbits. For the first time the dose-effect curve for V. cholerae enterotoxin and TL-toxin, obtained on both animal species, was found to be bell-shaped. The concentration relationship for dibutyryl-cAMP proved to be similar in character. The authors suggest that these effects are based on the specific relationship between the cellular processes, controlling the transport of electrolytes and water, and the level of cAMP.     

Energy distribution of runaway electrons generated by a nanosecond discharge in atmospheric-pressure air

The spectra of an ultrashort avalanche electron beam generated by a nanosecond discharge in atmospheric-pressure air were investigated. The temporal characteristics of the beam current pulses, gap voltage, and discharge current in a gas diode were measured with a time resolution of ～0.1 ns. A simple technique was developed for recovering electron spectra from the curves of beam attenuation by aluminum foils. The effect of the cathode design, electrode gap length, and generator parameters on the electron spectra were studied using seven setups. It is shown that generation of electrons with anomalously high energies requires the use of cathodes with increased curvature radius.     

Indices of the cellular reactions of the immune process in acute stress and its thymopentin correction]

The correlative analysis has determined the peculiarities of the integration of immune cells reactions under the acute stress. They are characterized by an increase in the role of polymorphonuclear leucocytes closely associated with blood superoxide dismutase activity. Thymopentin exerts an adaptive effect on the morphofunctional parameters of immune and antioxidant systems.     

The proteinase and alpha 1-antitrypsin activities in the tissues during emotional stress in rabbits]

The experiments on rabbits under acute emotional stress have revealed a rise in activity of proteinases of blood serum, salivary glands and no changes of this activity in watery moisture of an eye. The activity of alpha-antitrypsin in watery moisture of an eye, unlike the blood serum, significantly increased, that evidently prevented the activation of proteolysis in it. The emotional stress is also accompanied by the intensification of fibrinolysis, one of the most important proteolytic systems of the blood.     

The dynamics of the microorganism count of active sludge during the aerobic treatment of sewage

Dynamics of the active sludge microorganism quantity is studied under different cultivation regimes. It is shown that quantity of microorganisms in different physiological groups depends on the specific growth rate, micro, determined by the dilution rate and biomass recirculation level. The results may be used for selecting optimal regime of the sewage treatment system functioning.