全文获取类型
收费全文 | 204285篇 |
免费 | 9530篇 |
国内免费 | 8810篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 170篇 |
2023年 | 1395篇 |
2022年 | 3010篇 |
2021年 | 5829篇 |
2020年 | 3901篇 |
2019年 | 4748篇 |
2018年 | 15313篇 |
2017年 | 13109篇 |
2016年 | 11670篇 |
2015年 | 7759篇 |
2014年 | 8727篇 |
2013年 | 9264篇 |
2012年 | 14557篇 |
2011年 | 21491篇 |
2010年 | 17076篇 |
2009年 | 12924篇 |
2008年 | 15354篇 |
2007年 | 16183篇 |
2006年 | 5035篇 |
2005年 | 4162篇 |
2004年 | 4126篇 |
2003年 | 3736篇 |
2002年 | 3160篇 |
2001年 | 2371篇 |
2000年 | 2137篇 |
1999年 | 1972篇 |
1998年 | 1094篇 |
1997年 | 1222篇 |
1996年 | 1085篇 |
1995年 | 968篇 |
1994年 | 994篇 |
1993年 | 725篇 |
1992年 | 1071篇 |
1991年 | 914篇 |
1990年 | 654篇 |
1989年 | 593篇 |
1988年 | 526篇 |
1987年 | 449篇 |
1986年 | 406篇 |
1985年 | 410篇 |
1984年 | 231篇 |
1983年 | 224篇 |
1982年 | 151篇 |
1981年 | 120篇 |
1980年 | 112篇 |
1979年 | 117篇 |
1978年 | 86篇 |
1974年 | 78篇 |
1972年 | 312篇 |
1971年 | 322篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Markers for selection of the rice Xa21 disease resistance gene 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
C. E. Williams B. Wang T. E. Holsten J. Scambray F. de Assis Goes da Silva P. C. Ronald 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(7):1119-1122
Six molecular markers were mapped to a 7.4-cM region of rice chromosome 11 containing the Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Three markers, RG103, 248 and 818, co-segregated with Xa21 in a population of 1141 plants. Multiple copies of all marker loci were present within the region that was introgressed from Oryza longistaminata into O. sativa. The marker loci were cloned and primers were designed that defined sequence-tagged sites. Physical mapping of the three tightly linked central markers revealed that RG103, the marker that hybridizes to the Xa21 gene, resides on a separate DNA fragment from the other two markers.Disclaimer: Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. 相似文献
992.
The evolution of phage lysis timing 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Summary The effect of host quantity and host quality on the evolution of phage lysis timing is analysed using marginal value theorem of optimal foraging theory. Both factors have been shown to strongly influence the latent period. A high host density selects for short latent period, which is the same result as previous investigators have found. A good host quality also promotes a short latent period. However, elasticity analysis shows that these two factors exert their influences under different sets of conditions. When host density is low, the host density is more important in determining the length of latent period, whereas when host density is high, the host quality is more important. 相似文献
993.
994.
Autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro are among the most common found in sera of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. These autoimmune diseases can affect various organ systems of the body and are variable in their manifestations and presentation. One of the autoimmune targets is the 60 kDa SS-A/Ro protein known to be associated with small cytoplasmic Y RNAs. To study systematically the expression of the protein, we have cloned the mouse full length 60 kDa SS-A/Ro cDNA using 5′ RACE based on a cDNA sequence reported in the mouse genome project. The recombinant protein derived from the putative full-length construct was shown to react with human prototype anti-SS-A/Ro serum Ge in western blot and immunoprecipitation and comigrated with cellular 60 kDa SS-A/Ro protein in 3T3 cells. Cellular expression, measured by RT-PCR, was highest in mouse brain, followed by lung, muscle, kindney and heart. Lower levels were found in testis, liver and spleen. Like the human 60 kDa SS-A/Ro protein, the deduced mouse homolog has 538 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed 89.9% identity and 95.0% similarity between the mouse and human proteins. 相似文献
995.
In vivo persistence of DNA triple helices containing psoralen-conjugated oligodeoxyribonucleotides. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Triple helices represent an attractive method for modulating specific gene expression. In particular, cross-linking between a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) and its duplex DNA target, typically through the formation of psoralen photoadducts, allows efficient blocking of elongation by RNA polymerases in vitro. However, in vivo, this approach is limited by DNA repair of the photoadduct. Here we describe the use of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide 19mer psoralen-modified TFO to form covalent linkages between an oligonucleotide and both strands of the targeted duplex DNA, thereby efficiently blocking expression of a luciferase reporter gene. Most importantly, we demonstrate that both the psoralen cross-link and the purine-motif triplex remained intact for at least 72 h post-transfection, indicating that such species can persist for an extended period of time in vivo. These findings support the feasibility of an antigene approach for the therapeutic regulation of specific gene expression. 相似文献
996.
腺苷三磷酸和环腺苷单磷酸对丝状真菌纤维素酶合成的调节 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以虫荧光素酶法检验了四株丝状真菌在葡萄糖—无机盐液体培养过程中的胞内ATP含量。结果表明,只有当胞内ATP浓度低于10~(-S)mg/ml时,真菌才开始合成胞外纤维素酶(FPA)。以不同浓度的各种碳源培养时,菌体胞内ATP含量只要超过10~(-1)mg/ml,FPA的合成即发生阻遏。菌体胞内ATP含量与FPA合成呈显著负相关。以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测了菌体培养液中的cAMP含量。在非阻遏条件下,外源cAMP可以提高FPA的合成水平。但外源cAMP不能解除已经发生的酶合成阻遏。菌体ATP和cAMP水平是调节真菌纤维素酶合成的重要因子。 相似文献
997.
微菌落观察法快速检测和鉴别结核杆菌培养物的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将取自肺结核患者的219例痰标本接种匡氏琼脂平板,共分离到112例结核菌生长物。其中培养法104例(92.8%)阳性,微菌落观察法108例(96.4%)阳性,微菌落法阳性率稍高。培养法和微菌落法阳性标本首次检出时间分别为18.6d和11d,微菌落检出时间更短(P<0.01)。常规菌型鉴别方法与微菌落法对结核杆菌菌型鉴别的符合率为99%。 相似文献
998.
太湖16000年来沉积环境的演变 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对太湖钻孔岩芯岩性,结构,构造的剖析及粒度,磁化率的测试,发现冰后期东太湖形成于跑今6500年前,在距今6500-5800年,为一水深约2-3m的,经常受到流水作用影响的浅水湖泊,距今约5800-5700年,东太湖曾一度干枯或接近于干枯,距今5700年以来湖泊变浅,平均水深只有1m左右,由于湖泊变浅,湖底经常遭受波浪的扰动,形成波状层理或透镜状层理。西太湖局部洼地集水成湖的时间比东太湖早,并且 相似文献
999.
通过太湖两个钻孔岩芯有机碳同位素(13C/12C)的分析,发现δ13C的垂直分布与太湖地区16000aB.P.以来古气候波动相关。根据δ13C垂直分布曲线可推测,大约在11000—6000aB.P,太湖地区处于温暖湿润期,气温高于现在平均温度。另一方面,根据太湖两岩芯沉积物的δ13C值的对比发现,大约在11000—6000aB.P,西太湖(W1B)岩芯沉积物的δ13C平均值明显高于东太湖(E2B)。据此可认为,在这一期间西太湖很可能有过海水侵入。 相似文献
1000.
Molecular basis and haplotyping of the alphaII domain polymorphisms of spectrin: application to the study of hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
P. G. Gallagher L. Kotula Y. Wang S. L. Marchesi P. J. Curtis D. W. Speicher B. G. Forget 《American journal of human genetics》1996,59(2):351-359
Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) are inherited disorders of erythrocyte shape that are frequently associated with abnormalities in alpha-spectrin, one of the principal structural proteins of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Five polymorphisms of the alpha-spectrin gene, located in a 6-kb interval of genomic DNA, were identified and analyzed in normal and mutant alpha-spectrin alleles. Three of these polymorphisms are due to single nucleotide substitutions in the alpha-spectrin gene coding region that lead to changes in the amino acid sequence. In combination, these three polymorphisms are responsible for the different peptide phenotypes of the alphaII domain previously observed following limited tryptic digestion of spectrin protein. The most common haplotype, type 1, was found predominantly in Caucasians and was the only haplotype identified in Asians. Haplotypes 2, 3, and 4 were identified predominantly in individuals of African ancestry and were commonly found in patients with HE or HPP. Analysis of coinheritance of alphaII domain polymorphisms with alpha-spectrin gene mutations causing HE or HPP in African-American patients with HE and HPP suggests that, with one exception, a given HE/HPP mutation is present in an alpha-spectrin gene of only one haplotype, indicating a founder effect. The other two polymorphisms located in this region of the alpha-spectrin gene do not change the amino acid sequence of the encoded alpha-spectrin chain and are not in linkage disequilibrium with three of the four alphaII domain haplotypes. A model is proposed for the evolutionary origin of the different haplotypes. 相似文献