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171.
D. Bernacchi T. Beck-Bunn Y. Eshed J. Lopez V. Petiard J. Uhlig D. Zamir S. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(3):381-397
Advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) analysis is a new strategy for studying the effect of unadapted alleles on the agronomic
performance of elite cultivated lines. In this paper we report results from the application of the AB-QTL strategy to cultivated
tomato using the wild species Lycopersicon hirsutum LA1777 as the donor parent. RFLP genomic fingerprints were determined for 315 BC2 plants and phenotypic data were collected for 19 agronomic traits from approximately 200 derived BC3 lines which were grown in replicated field trials in three locations worldwide. Between 1 and 12 significant QTLs were identified
for each of the 19 traits evaluated, with a total of 121 QTLs identified for all traits. For 25 of the QTLs (20%) corresponding
to 12 traits (60%), the L. hirsutum allele was associated with an improvement of the trait from a horticultural perspective, despite the fact that L. hirsutum is overall phenotypically inferior to the elite parent. For example, L. hirsutum has fruit that remains green when ripe (lack of red pigment) yet alleles were found in this species that significantly increase
red color when transferred into cultivated tomatoes. Wild alleles were also associated with increases in total yield and soluble
solids (up to 15%) and brix×red yield (up to 41%). These results support the idea that one cannot predict the genetic potential
of exotic germplasm based on phenotype alone and that marker-based methods, such as the AB-QTL strategy, should be applied
to fully exploit exotic germplasm.
Received: 27 October 1997 / Accepted: 25 November 1997 相似文献
172.
Construction of a high-resolution genetic map and YAC-contigs in the tomato Tm-2a region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. Pillen M. W. Ganal S. D. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(1-2):228-233
With the ultimate goal of cloning the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) resistance gene Tm-2a from tomato by means of positional cloning, a high-resolution map of a 4.3-cM region surrounding the Tm-2a gene has been constructed. In total, 13 RFLP and RAPD markers were mapped in close proximity to Tm-2a using 2112 individuals from an intraspecific Lycopersicon peruvianum backcross. The closest flanking markers were separated from Tm-2a by 0.05 cM on each side. Only one marker, the cDNA clone R12, co-segregated with Tm-2a. In order to physically cover the Tm-2a region, R12 and the flanking DNA marker TG207 were used to select homologous YAC clones. To-date, two YAC-contigs spanning approximately 340 kb and 360 kb have been constructed. The data obtained from these experiments indicate that recombination around the centromere of chromosome 9 is extremely suppressed. 相似文献
173.
K. Arumuganathan J. P. Slattery S. D. Tanksley E. D. Earle 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,82(1):101-111
Summary A procedure for the preparation of tomato chromosome suspensions suitable for flow cytometric analysis is described. Rapidly growing cell suspension cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum cv VFNT cherry and L. pennellii LA716 were treated with colchicine to enrich for metaphase chromosomes. Metaphase indices between 20 and 35% were routinely obtained when cultures were exposed to 0.1% colchicine for 15–18 h after 2 days of subculture. Mitotic cells were isolated by brief treatment with cell wall digesting enzymes in a medium with low osmolarity (325 mOsm/kg of H52O). The low osmolarity medium was needed to avoid the chromosome clumping and decondensation seen in standard media. Suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared by lysing swollen protoplasts in various buffers (MgSO4, polyamines, hexylene glycol, or KCl-propidium iodide) similar in contents to the buffers used to isolate mammalian chromosomes. For univariate flow cytometric analysis, chromosome suspensions were stained with a fluorescent DNA-binding stain (propidium iodide, Hoechst 33258, mithramycin, or chromomycin A3) and analyzed using an EPICS flow cytometer (Profile Analyzer or 753). Peaks for the chromosomes, chromatids, clumps of chromosomes, nuclei, and fluorescent debris were seen on a histogram of log of fluorescence intensity, and were confirmed by microscopic examination of the objects collected by flow-sorting. Chromosome suspensions prepared in MgSO4 buffer have the highest frequency of intact chromosomes and the least fluorescent cellular debris. Peaks similar to theoretical univariate flow karyotypes of tomato chromosomes were seen on the observed univariate flow karyotypes, but were not as well resolved. Bivariate flow analysis of tomato chromosome suspension using double-stain combination, Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3, and two laser beams showed better resolution of some chromosomes. 相似文献
174.
Marion S. Röder Jens Plaschke Susanne U. König Andreas Börner Mark E. Sorrells Steven D. Tanksley Martin W. Ganal 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1995,246(3):327-333
The potential of microsatellite sequences as genetic markers in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was investigated with respect to their abundance, variability, chromosomal location and usefulness in related species. By screening a lambda phage library, the total number of (GA)n blocks was estimated to be 3.6 x 104 and the number of (GT)n blocks to be 2.3 x 104 per haploid wheat genome. This results in an average distance of approximately 270 kb between these two microsatellite types combined. Based on sequence analysis data from 70 isolated microsatellites, it was found that wheat microsatellites are relatively long containing up to 40 dinucleotide repeats. Of the tested primer pairs, 36% resulted in fragments with a size corresponding to the expected length of the sequenced microsatellite clone. The variability of 15 microsatellite markers was investigated on 18 wheat accessions. Significantly, more variation was detected with the microsatellite markers than with RFLP markers with, on average, 4.6 different alleles per microsatellite. The 15 PCR-amplified microsatellites were further localized on chromosome arms using cytogenetic stocks of Chinese Spring. Finally, the primers for the 15 wheat microsatellites were used for PCR amplification with rye (Secale cereale) and barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare, H. spontaneum). Amplified fragments were observed for ten primer pairs with barley DNA and for nine primer pairs with rye DNA as template. A microsatellite was found by dot blot analysis in the PCR products of barley and rye DNA for only one primer pair. 相似文献
175.
The tomato Never-ripe locus regulates ethylene-inducible gene expression and is linked to a homolog of the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene. 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
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H C Yen S Lee S D Tanksley M B Lanahan H J Klee J J Giovannoni 《Plant physiology》1995,107(4):1343-1353
Fruit ripening represents a complex system of genetic and hormonal regulation of eukaryotic development unique to plants. We are using tomato ripening mutants as tools to elucidate genetic components of ripening regulation and have recently demonstrated that the Never-ripe (Nr) mutant is insensitive to the plant growth regulator ethylene (M.B. Lanahan, H.-C. Yen, J.J. Giovannoni, H.J. Klee [1994] Plant Cell 6:521-530). We report here ethylene sensitivity over a range of concentrations in normal and Nr tomato seedlings and show that the Nr mutant retains residual sensitivity to as little as 1 part per million of ethylene. Analysis of ripening-related gene expression in normal and mutant ethylene-treated fruit demonstrates that Nr exerts its influence on development at least in part at the level of ethylene-inducible gene expression. We have additionally used cloned tomato and Arabidopsis sequences known to influence ethylene perception as restriction fragment length polymorphism probes, and have identified a tomato locus linked to Nr that hybridizes to the Arabidopsis ETR1 gene at low stringency, suggesting the possibility that Nr may be homologous to ETR1. 相似文献
176.
Recombinant inbred lines for genetic mapping in tomato 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
Paran I. Goldman I. Tanksley S. D. Zamir D. 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(3-4):542-548
A cross between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and a related wild species L. cheesmanii yielded 97 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) which were used to construct a genetic map consisting of 132 molecular markers. Significant deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio between the two homozygous classes was found in 73% of the markers. In 98% of the deviating markers, L. esculentum alleles were present in greater frequency than the L. cheesmanii alleles. For most of the markers with skewed segregation, the direction of the deviation was maintained from F2 to F7 generations. The average heterozygosity in the population was 15%. This value is significantly greater than the 1.5% heterozygosity expected for RILs in the F7 generation. On average, recombination between linked markers was twice as high in the RILs than in the F2 population used to derive them. The utility of RILs for the mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits is discussed. 相似文献
177.
QTL analysis of an advanced backcross of Lycopersicon peruvianum to the cultivated tomato and comparisons with QTLs found in other wild species 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
T. M. Fulton T. Beck-Bunn D. Emmatty Y. Eshed J. Lopez V. Petiard J. Uhlig D. Zamir S. D. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):881-894
A BC3 population previously developed from a backcross of Lycopersicon peruvianum, a wild relative of tomato, into the cultivated variety L. esculentum was analyzed for QTLs. Approximately 200 BC4 families were scored for 35 traits in four locations worldwide. One hundred and sixty-six QTLs were detected for 29 of those
traits. For more than half of those 29 traits at least 1 QTL was detected for which the presence of the wild allele was associated
with an agronomically beneficial effect despite the inferior phenotype of the wild parent. Eight QTLs for fruit weight could
be followed through the BC2, BC3, and BC4, generations, supporting the authenticity of these QTLs. Comparisons were made between the QTLs found in this study and those
found in studies involving two other wild species; the results showed that while some of these QTLs can be presumed to be
allelic, most of the QTLs detected in this study are ones not previously discovered.
Received: 9 April 1997 / Accepted: 20 May 1997 相似文献
178.
H.-M. Ku S. Grandillo S. D. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(5-6):873-878
fs8.1 is a major fruit-shape QTL differentiating fresh-market and processing tomatoes. Mature fruits from plants with the wild-type
fresh-market alleles are round, whereas those with alleles from processing variety E6203 are elongated (sometimes referred
to as blocky or square tomatoes). Fine mapping was undertaken to determine whether the effect is due to a single gene or several
tightly linked genes. RAPD and RFLP linkage analysis, and substitution mapping of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) segregating
for the 22.8 cM-TG176-CT92 interval at the top of chromosome 8 in tomato were used for high-resolution mapping. For the 1212
gametes screened in F2 and F3 families, it was determined that fs8.1 maps as a single locus near the centromere of chromosome 8. A comparative developmental study of fs8.1 NILs revealed that fs8.1 alleles exert their effects on fruit shape early in carpel development at least 6 days before anthesis. Field evaluations
of the NILs indicate that fs8.1 affects not only fruit shape, fruit length, and fruit weight but also the number of flowers and fruits per inflorescence,
and the harvest index. The date of first flower and fruit diameter were not significantly affected.
Received: 19 July 1999 / Accepted: 16 December 1999 相似文献
179.
F. Azanza D. Kim S. D. Tanksley J. A. Juvik 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(3):495-504
Three chromosomal segments from the wild tomato, L. chmielewskii, introgressed into the L. esculentum genome have been previously mapped to the middle and terminal regions of chromosome 7 (7M, 7T respectively), and to the terminal region of chromosome 10 (10T). The present study was designed to investigate the physiological mechanisms controlled by the 7M and 7T segments on tomato soluble solids (SS) and pH, and their genetic regulation during fruit development. The effects of 7M and 7T were studied in 64 BC2F5 backcross inbred lines (BILs) developed from a cross between LA 1501 (an L. esculentum line containing the 7M and 7T fragments from L. chmielewskii), and VF145B-7879 (a processing cultivar). BILs were classified into four homozygous genotypes with respect to the introgressed segments based on RFLP analysis, and evaluated for fruit chemical characteristics at different harvest stages. Gene(s) in the 7M fragment reduce fruit water uptake during ripening increasing pH, sugars, and SS concentration. Gene(s) in the 7T fragment were found to be associated with higher mature green fruit starch concentration and red ripe fruit weight. Comparisons between tomatoes ripened on or off the vine suggest that the physiological mechanisms influenced by the L. chmielewskii alleles are dependent on the translocation of photosynthates and water during fruit ripening. 相似文献
180.
Baruch MC Warburton DE Bredin SS Cote A Gerdt DW Adkins CM 《Nonlinear biomedical physics》2011,5(1):1-15