Integrated regulation of the photosynthetic gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana in transformed tobacco cells

Summary Expression of the three chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) genes of Arabidopsis thaliana was studied in transformed tobacco tissues. For each cab gene, approximately 1000 bp of the promoter region plus a portion of the structural gene was inserted into a promoter-expression vector such that a translational fusion between the cab gene and the promoter-less chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was formed. The constructed molecules were introduced into either cultured tobacco cells or tobacco leaves and the promoter activity was monitored as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. The light-grown tissues exhibited 1.5- to 60-fold greater promoter activity than did dark-grown tissues. Expression of the cab promoters was tissue specific: activities were much stronger in green leaves than other tissues. The cab promoters were almost equally active in transformed calli or shoots derived from leaves. However, in cultured tobacco cells, one promoter was two to three times stronger than the other two. The chimeric gene fusion, cab-cat, segregated in the F1 generation as a dominant Mendelian trait.     

Morphological evolutionary trends and their implications for the phylogenetic analysis of metendosternite in Chinese dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

后胸叉骨是昆虫胸部的内骨骼,是重要的肌肉联结点,在昆虫运中起着不可替代的作用.该结构在鞘翅目高级阶元系统发育关系重建中扮演了重要角色,但由于其在低级阶元间的差异较小以及在形态分析中使用困难等因素限制,致使后胸叉骨的研究并未受到广泛重视.国内学者对于甲虫后胸叉骨的研究非常少,甚至长期以来没有中文名称,相关内容只零星散布于教科书和学位论文中,针对蜣螂后胸叉骨形态学研究尚未见报道.本文对金龟科蜣螂亚科9族65种的后胸叉骨进行了详细的比较形态学研究,归纳了族级形态特征,进而探究蜣螂后胸叉骨形态演化趋势及其在系统发育分析中的意义.此外,还对利用现代形态学和几何形态学等方法研究后胸叉骨功能形态的前景进行了阐述.     

2D Metal Zn Nanostructure Electrodes for High‐Performance Zn Ion Supercapacitors

Recent supercapacitors show a high power density with long‐term cycle life time in energy‐powering applications. A supercapacitor based on a single metal electrode accompanying multivalent cations, multiple charging/discharging kinetics, and high electrical conductivity is a promising energy‐storing system that replaces conventionally used oxide and sulfide materials. Here, a hierarchically nanostructured 2D‐Zn metal electrode‐ion supercapacitor (ZIC) is reported which significantly enhances the ion diffusion ability and overall energy storage performance. Those nanostructures can also be successfully plated on various flat‐type and fiber‐type current collectors by a controlled electroplating method. The ZIC exhibits excellent pseudocapacitive performance with a high energy density of 208 W h kg^?1 and a power density from 500 W kg^?1, which are significantly higher than those of previously reported supercapacitors with oxide and sulfide materials. Furthermore, the fiber‐type ZIC also shows high energy‐storing performance, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and waterproof characteristics, without any significant capacitance degradation during bending tests. These results highlight the promising possibility of nanostructured 2D Zn metal electrodes with the controlled electroplating method for future energy storage applications.     

支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率等指标的影响

目的 探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率和其他指标的影响。 方法 选取我科收治的重症肺炎患儿126例,分为研究组及对照组,各63例。其中研究组在常规治疗基础上联合支气管镜肺泡灌洗及局部应用抗生素治疗,对照组采用常规治疗,比较2组患者的临床治疗效果。 结果 治疗后,研究组的临床有效率为90.5%,高于对照组的76.2%(χ2=4.629,P=0.031);治疗后研究组患者的痰液中病菌清除率为77.7%,显著高于对照组的57.2%(χ2=6.110,P=0.013);治疗后研究组患者的相关炎性指标(高敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素 6)均较对照组显著降低(t=3.522、4.912、4.183,P=0.033、0.032、0.033);治疗后研究组患者的相关血气指标(动脉血氧分压及氧合指数)均较对照组显著升高,而二氧化碳分压较对照组显著降低(t=3.612、3.312、6.162,P=0.039、0.040、0.028)。 结论 BAL联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构

长江皖河交汇处(皖河口)是安庆江段江豚主要的栖息地之一。为了解江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构,于2013年9月—2014年8月对皖河口及其附近4个断面逐月进行了鱼类调查。研究结果表明,共采集鱼类35种,与历史资料相比,鱼类物种多样性已经严重下降,并且小型化趋势明显。5个断面当中,皖河口鱼类种数最多,为27种,且以中上层鱼类餐和油餐为主要优势种;其余4个断面分别为16、20、19和14种,且多数断面以底层鱼类黄颡鱼和长须黄颡鱼为主要优势种。方差分析结果表明,皖河口渔获物的总数量和总重量与其他断面无显著差异,但总种数却显著高于断面1和5。对中上层、中下层和底层鱼类的进一步分析发现,5个断面的显著差异仅存在于中上层鱼类,且皖河口中上层渔获物的数量和重量均显著高于其他断面。由此推断,江豚选择皖河口作为主要栖息地可能主要由于其更加丰富的中上层鱼类资源。研究结果不仅有助于了解鱼类资源的变化,还对江豚的原地和迁地保护具有重要意义。     

A Historical Taxonomy of Origin of Species Problems and Its Relevance to the Historiography of Evolutionary Thought

Historians tend to speak of the problem of the origin of species or the species question, as if it were a monolithic problem. In reality, the phrase (or similar variants) refers to a, historically, surprisingly fluid and pluriform scientific issue. It has, in the course of the past five centuries, been used in no less than ten different ways or contexts. A clear taxonomy of these separate problems is useful or relevant in two ways. It certainly helps to disentangle confusions that have inevitably emerged in the literature in its absence. It may, secondly, also help us to gain a more thorough understanding, or sharper view, of the (pre)history of evolutionary thought. A consequent problem-centric look at that (pre)history through the lens of various origin of species problems certainly yields intriguing results, including and particularly for our understanding of the genesis of the Wallace–Darwin theory of evolution through natural selection.