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111.
Iris Schvartz Dalia Seger Galia Maik-Rachline Tamar Kreizman Shmuel Shaltiel 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,290(2):682-689
The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is stabilized in its inhibitory conformation by binding to Vitronectin (Vn). The anchorage of PAI-1 to the fibrin fibers was recently shown to be mediated by Vn, and as such to modulate fibrinolysis. Here we report the mapping of the fibrin binding sites in Vn using truncated recombinant Vns, and show that two segments of Vn are involved: one at its carboxyl terminus (within residues 348-459) and one at its amino terminus (within residues 1-44). This mapping sets the stage for (i) the design of specific inhibitors for the Vn-fibrin interaction; (ii) for studying the role of this interaction in the anchoring of endothelial cells and platelets onto the fibrin clot; and (iii) for getting a deeper insight into the mechanism of the Vn-fibrin interaction in fibrinolysis. (c)2002 Elsevier Science. 相似文献
112.
New concepts and computational models that integrate behavioral and neurophysiological observations have addressed several of the most fundamental long-standing problems in motor control. These problems include the selection of particular trajectories among the large number of possibilities, the solution of inverse kinematics and dynamics problems, motor adaptation and the learning of sequential behaviors. 相似文献
113.
Tamar F Brionez Shervin Assassi John D Reveille Thomas J Learch Laura Diekman Michael M Ward John C Davis Jr Michael H Weisman Perry Nicassio 《Arthritis research & therapy》2009,11(6):R182-9
Introduction
Functional status is an integral component of health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of psychological variables in self-reported functional limitation in patients with AS, while controlling for demographic and medical variables. 相似文献114.
Changiz Geula Sara R. Dunlop Ivan Ayala Allegra S. Kawles Margaret E. Flanagan Tamar Gefen Marek-Marsel Mesulam 《Journal of neurochemistry》2021,158(6):1394-1411
115.
Tamar Keasar Muriel Ney-Nifle Marc Mangel Sean Swezey 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2001,98(2):123-132
Parasitoids learn olfactory and visual cues that are associated with their hosts, and use these cues to forage more efficiently. Classical conditioning theory predicts that encounters with high-quality hosts will lead to better learning of host-associated cues than encounters with low-quality hosts. We tested this prediction in a two-phase laboratory experiment with the parasitoid Trichogramma thalense Pinto & Oatman (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and the host Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).Host quality during the first exposure to hosts affected later foraging behavior for some experimental treatments, as predicted. We used a learning model, followed by patch-time optimization, to interpret our findings. We first simulated the parasitoids' host encounters during the experiment, and predicted their estimate of patch quality after each encounter. We then used dynamic optimization to predict the parasitoids' optimal patch residence times. The model reproduces the trends of the experimental results. 相似文献
116.
117.
Noga Kronfeld-Schor Davide Dominoni Horacio de la Iglesia Oren Levy Erik D. Herzog Tamar Dayan Charlotte Helfrich-Forster 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2013,280(1765)
Most studies in chronobiology focus on solar cycles (daily and annual). Moonlight and the lunar cycle received considerably less attention by chronobiologists. An exception are rhythms in intertidal species. Terrestrial ecologists long ago acknowledged the effects of moonlight on predation success, and consequently on predation risk, foraging behaviour and habitat use, while marine biologists have focused more on the behaviour and mainly on reproduction synchronization with relation to the Moon phase. Lately, several studies in different animal taxa addressed the role of moonlight in determining activity and studied the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we review the ecological and behavioural evidence showing the effect of moonlight on activity, discuss the adaptive value of these changes, and describe possible mechanisms underlying this effect. We will also refer to other sources of night-time light (‘light pollution’) and highlight open questions that demand further studies. 相似文献
118.
Graph representations have been widely used to analyze and design various economic, social, military, political, and biological networks. In systems biology, networks of cells and organs are useful for understanding disease and medical treatments and, in structural biology, structures of molecules can be described, including RNA structures. In our RNA-As-Graphs (RAG) framework, we represent RNA structures as tree graphs by translating unpaired regions into vertices and helices into edges. Here we explore the modularity of RNA structures by applying graph partitioning known in graph theory to divide an RNA graph into subgraphs. To our knowledge, this is the first application of graph partitioning to biology, and the results suggest a systematic approach for modular design in general. The graph partitioning algorithms utilize mathematical properties of the Laplacian eigenvector (µ2) corresponding to the second eigenvalues (λ2) associated with the topology matrix defining the graph: λ2 describes the overall topology, and the sum of µ2′s components is zero. The three types of algorithms, termed median, sign, and gap cuts, divide a graph by determining nodes of cut by median, zero, and largest gap of µ2′s components, respectively. We apply these algorithms to 45 graphs corresponding to all solved RNA structures up through 11 vertices (∼220 nucleotides). While we observe that the median cut divides a graph into two similar-sized subgraphs, the sign and gap cuts partition a graph into two topologically-distinct subgraphs. We find that the gap cut produces the best biologically-relevant partitioning for RNA because it divides RNAs at less stable connections while maintaining junctions intact. The iterative gap cuts suggest basic modules and assembly protocols to design large RNA structures. Our graph substructuring thus suggests a systematic approach to explore the modularity of biological networks. In our applications to RNA structures, subgraphs also suggest design strategies for novel RNA motifs. 相似文献
119.
Morphological relationship among sympatric animal species have often been seen as indirect evidence for competition. Many early ecomorphological studies revealed patterns that were taken as indicating character displacement and character release, driven by competition or lack thereof. These patterns may result from a coevolutionary morphological response or from species sorting according to size. Thus, the relationship between morphology and competition may be crucial for understanding both the morphological evolution of animals and the role of competition in structuring communities. Some earlier research perceived as indicating morphological relationships conditioned by interaction of species was conducted on mammals, particularly carnivores. Subsequent criticism in the ecological literature demonstrated that many of the perceived patterns could not be statistically confirmed, thus calling into question this line of evidence for competition. More recent ecological literature relies on strong statistical analyses and careful consideration both of guild composition and of which morphological traits should be examined. This literature, resting largely on mammals, includes several cases that suggest a coevolutionary morphological response to interspecific competition. These studies have focused on the thropic apparatus directly related to food procurement by mammals — the teeth. Island mammals often show striking morphological patterns, some of which have been interpreted as resulting from release from competition with mainland species that have not reached islands. However, few of these patterns were critically evaluated to demonstrate their support for the hypothesis of character release. Despite several decades of interest and research, many questions regarding competitively induced morphological patterns remain unresolved and require further research. Mammals are especially promising subjects for such researh. 相似文献
120.
Chuanlin Zheng Atiako Kwame Acheampong Zhaowan Shi Amichay Mugzech Tamar Halaly‐Basha Felix Shaya Yufei Sun Violeta Colova Assaf Mosquna Ron Ophir David W. Galbraith Etti Or 《Plant, cell & environment》2018,41(10):2490-2503
The molecular mechanism regulating dormancy release in grapevine buds is as yet unclear. It was formerly proposed that dormancy is maintained by abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated repression of bud–meristem activity and that removal of this repression triggers dormancy release. It was also proposed that such removal of repression may be achieved via natural or artificial up‐regulation of VvA8H‐CYP707A4, which encodes ABA 8′‐hydroxylase, and is the most highly expressed paralog in grapevine buds. The current study further examines these assumptions, and its experiments reveal that (a) hypoxia and ethylene, stimuli of bud dormancy release, enhance expression of VvA8H‐CYP707A4 within grape buds, (b) the VvA8H‐CYP707A4 protein accumulates during the natural transition to the dormancy release stage, and (c) transgenic vines overexpressing VvA8H‐CYP707A4 exhibit increased ABA catabolism and significant enhancement of bud break in controlled and natural environments and longer basal summer laterals. The results suggest that VvA8H‐CYP707A4 functions as an ABA degrading enzyme, and are consistent with a model in which the VvA8H‐CYP707A4 level in the bud is up‐regulated by natural and artificial bud break stimuli, which leads to increased ABA degradation capacity, removal of endogenous ABA‐mediated repression, and enhanced regrowth. Interestingly, it also hints at sharing of regulatory steps between latent and lateral bud outgrowth. 相似文献